Table 5 Healthcare resource utilization for one year after index date for patients in the incident study cohort (patients with the start of any major depressive disorder episode within the study period, 1/1/2016–31/5/2018) by treatment resistant depression, n = 2553

Visits – Primary care physician

 ≥ 1, n (%)

1858 (96.3%)

613 (98.2%)

2471 (96.8%)

0.018

Quantity, median (IQR)

10 (6, 16)

14 (9, 21)

11 (7, 17)

 < 0.001

Visits—Psychiatrist

 ≥ 1, n (%)

1745 (90.5%)

600 (96.2%)

2345 (91.9%)

 < 0.001

Quantity, median (IQR)

3 (2, 5)

6 (3, 9)

4 (2, 6)

 < 0.001

Emergency room visits

 ≥ 1, n (%)

415 (21.5%)

163 (26.1%)

578 (22.6%)

0.017

Quantity, median (IQR)

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 2)

0.005

Hospitalizations

 ≥ 1, n (%)

262 (13.6%)

138 (22.1%)

400 (15.7%)

 < 0.001

Number of separate hospitalizations, median (IQR)

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 2)

0.267

Number of nights, median (IQR)

4 (2, 13.5)

6 (2, 39)

5 (2, 20)

0.031

Psychiatric Hospitalizations

 ≥ 1, n (%)

66 (3.4%)

57 (9.1%)

123 (4.8%)

 < 0.001

Number of separate hospitalizations, median (IQR)

1 (1, 1)

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 2)

0.031

Number of nights, median (IQR)

20 (6, 42)

40 (10, 67)

27.5 (8, 61)

0.279

Electroconvulsive therapy

 ≥ 1, n (%) ^a

14 (0.7%)

18 (2.9%)

32 (1.3%)

 < 0.001

Time to ECT treatment, for those that initiated treatment after index date, median (IQR)

5.39 (3.12, 18.63)

10.5 (4.28, 16.95)

9.99 (3.53, 16.25)

0.733