Table 6 Factors associated with anxiety among prisoners in the correctional institutions of Arba Minch and Jinka town, Southern Ethiopia, 2021

Age

18–27

60 (34.5%)

241 (54.3%)

1

1

28–37

41 (23.6%)

118 (26.6%)

1.396 (0.886–2.198)

1.527 (0.854–2.730)

0.153

38–47

39 (22.4%)

42 (9.5%)

3.730 (2.218–6.271)

3.955 (1.939–8.066)

0.001*

≥48

34 (19.5%)

43 (9.7%)

3.176 (1.867–5.403)

4.215 (1.990–8.929)

0.001*

Sex

Male

124 (71.3%)

376 (84.7%)

1

1

Female

50 (28.7%)

68 (15.3%)

2.230 (1.468–3.386)

1.686 (0.955–2.976)

0.072

Marital status

Married

103 (59.2%)

272 (61.3%)

1

1

Single

46 (26.4%)

153 (34.5%)

0.794 (0.532–1.185)

1.531 (0.714–3.280)

0.273

Divorce or widowed

25 (14.4%)

19 (4.3%)

3.475(1.836–6.578)

2.112 (0.980–4.548)

0.056

Occupation

Employed

128 (73.6%)

367 (82.7%)

1

1

House wife

12 (6.9%)

9 (2.0%)

3.823 (1.574–9.285)

2.606 (0.942–7.209)

0.065

Student

10 (5.7%)

41 (9.2%)

0.699 (0.340–1.437)

0.982 (0.409–2.357)

0.967

Un-employed

24 (13.8%)

27 (6.1%)

2.549 (1.419–4.577)

2.006 (0.993–4.052)

0.052

Residence

Urban

98 (56.3%)

189 (42.6%)

1.740 (1.221–2.478)

2.479 (1.556–3.948)

0.001*

Rural

76 (43.7%)

255 (57.4%)

1

1

Have children

Yes

126 (72.4%)

273 (61.5%)

0.608 (0.414–0.892)

1.136 (0.546–2.362)

0.733

No

48 (27.6%)

171 (38.5%)

1

1

Physical exercise

Yes

32 (18.4%)

203 (45.7%)

1

1

No

142 (81.6%)

241 (54.3%)

3.738 (2.440–5.726)

2.710 (1.535–4.786)

0.001*

Chronic disease

Yes

99 (56.9%)

180 (40.5%)

1.936 (1.358–2.761)

1.629 (1.074–2.471)

0.022*

No

75 (43.1%)

264 (59.5%)

1

1

Stressful life event

None

98 (56.3%)

225 (50.7%)

1

1

1–2

34 (19.5%)

147 (33.1%)

0.531(0.341–0.826)

1.112 (0.642–1.927)

0.704

3 and above

42 (24.1%)

72(16.2%)

1.339 (0.855–2.097)

2.918 (1.591–5.353)

0.001*

Social support

Poor

148 (85.1%)

320 (72.1%)

2.415 (1.153–5.059)

1.137 (0.479–2.696)

0.771

Moderate

17 (9.8%)

77 (17.3%)

1.153 (0.476–2.795)

0.944(0.350–2.547)

0.909

Strong

9 (5.2%)

47(10.6%)

1

1

Duration of punishment (in year)

< 1 year

1 (0.6%)

12 (2.7%)

1

1

1–5 year

28 (16.1%)

134 (30.2%)

2.507 (0.313–20.076)

5.726 (0.552–59.372)

0.144

> 5 year

145 (83.3%)

298 (67.1%)

5.839 (0.752–45.339)

2.918 (1.591–5.353)

0.022*

Duration of imprisonment (in year)

< 1 year

37 (21.3%)

132 (29.7%)

1

1

1–5 year

65 (37.4%)

183 (41.2%)

1.267(0.799–2.010)

0.760 (0.383–1.509)

0.433

> 5 year

72 (41.4%)

129 (29.1%)

1.991(1.251–3.169)

0.773 (0.361–1.655)

0.508

Income generating work in prison

Yes

28 (16.1%)

157 (35.4%)

1

1

No

146 (83.9%)

287 (64.6%)

2.852 (1.821–4.468)

2.539 (1.483–4.347)

0.001*