General psychiatric symptoms among Bangladeshi people approximately one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 5 Hierarchical regression analysis predicting depression

Variables	*Model 1*				*Model 2*				*Model 3*
Variables	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	ΔR²	R²_Adj
Block 1 - Socio-demographics (F_(4,999) = 9.99; p < 0.001)													0.04	0.04
Marital status^a	0.73	0.28	0.08	2.64**	0.72	0.28	0.08	2.55*	0.37	0.23	0.04	1.64
Education^b	−0.89	0.43	−0.07	−2.06*	−0.92	0.43	−0.07	−2.13*	−0.64	0.34	−0.05	−1.86
Chronic health conditions^c	−1.51	0.42	−0.11	−3.61***	−1.66	0.42	−0.12	−3.96***	− 0.41	0.34	− 0.03	− 1.19
Self-reported health status^d	0.93	0.33	0.09	2.83**	0.67	0.38	0.06	1.76	0.00	0.31	0.00	0.00
Block 2 – Lifestyle factors (F_(10,993) = 6.39; p < 0.001)													0.02	0.05
Decreased household income due to COVID-19^c					− 0.76	0.38	−0.07	−2.01*	− 0.63	0.30	− 0.06	− 2.10*
Unemployment of family members due to COVID-19^c					−0.59	0.39	−0.06	−1.52	−0.24	0.31	−0.02	− 0.78
Food scarcity^c					0.15	0.41	0.01	0.38	0.69	0.33	0.07	2.11*
Average sleep duration^d					0.25	0.24	0.03	1.06	0.47	0.19	0.06	2.40*
Internet browsing hours^e					0.59	0.16	0.11	3.60***	0.21	0.13	0.04	1.54
Self-reported quality of life^f					0.19	0.39	0.02	0.49	−0.39	0.31	−0.04	−1.25
Block 3 – Psychiatric symptoms (F_(14,989) = 49.31; p < 0.001)													0.35	0.40
Loneliness									0.19	0.08	0.07	2.29*
Fear of COVID-19									0.04	0.02	0.05	1.74
Anxiety									0.64	0.03	0.57	19.48***
Insomnia									0.01	0.02	0.01	0.27

B Unstandardized regression coefficient, SE Standard error, β Standardized regression coefficient; ^a1 = Unmarried, 2 = Married, 3 = In a relationship; ^b1 = Below university, 2 = University; ^c1 = Yes, 2 = No; ^d1 = < 7 hours, 2 = 7–9 hours, 3 = > 9 hours; ^e1 = < 2 hours, 2 = 2–4 hours, 3 = 4–6 hours, 4 = > 6 hours; ^f1 = Good, 2 = Poor. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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