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Table 2 Correlations between hardiness, personality traits, and mental distress (N = 5783)

From: Personality traits and hardiness as risk- and protective factors for mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Norwegian two-wave study

Variable

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1. Commitment T1

–

         

2. Control T1

.40*

–

        

3. Challenge T1

.35*

.17*

–

       

4. DRS-15-R total T1

.82*

.67*

.70*

–

      

5. Neuroticism T2

−.39*

−.22*

−.35*

−.44*

–

     

6. Extraversion T2

.36*

.16*

.32*

.39*

−.21*

–

    

7. Agreeableness T2

.18*

.09*

.13*

.19*

−.21*

.13*

–

   

8. Openness T2

.25*

.11*

.34*

.33*

−.15*

.31*

.18*

–

  

9. Conscientiousness T2

.33*

.17*

.08*

.27*

−.26*

.17*

.21*

.08*

–

 

10. PHQ-ADS T1

−.58*

−.27*

−.38*

−.57*

.53*

−.21*

−.12*

−.10*

−.27*

–

11. PHQ-ADS T2

−.49*

−.21*

−.30*

−.47*

.58*

−.24*

−.16*

−.10*

−.31*

.74*

  1. Note. Variables 1–4 = revised Norwegian dispositional resilience scale; variables 5–9 = Ten-Item Personality-Inventory; PHQ-ADS = Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale, T = Wave number. Results were essentially identical, with no differences in significance levels and merely marginal differences in correlation coefficients, when the analysis was based on data using multiple imputation (N = 5969; see supplemental Table 1)
  2. * p < .001