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Table 4 Model coefficients in the moderation analysis (N = 5783)

From: Personality traits and hardiness as risk- and protective factors for mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Norwegian two-wave study

Model coefficients

b

SE

t

p

95% CI

Neuroticism T2

1.62

.08

20.01

<.001

[1.457, 1.773]

Hardiness T1

.02

.02

1.13

.257

[−.017, .063]

Neuroticism x Hardiness

−.01

.01

−.67

.500

[−.024, .011]

Age T1

−.05

.01

−6.67

<.001

[−.058, −.031]

Female T1

.42

.23

1.85

.065

[−.026, .872]

Other gender T1

−1.12

1.44

−.78

.437

[−3.929, 1.698]

Solitary living T2

.54

.22

2.50

.012

[.117, 967]

Neg. econ. impact T2

1.80

.23

7.69

<.001

[1.338, 2.253]

PHQ-ADS T1

.55

.01

40.91

<.001

[.522, .575]

Conscientiousness T2

−.65

.09

−7.38

<.001

[−.818, −.475]

Agreeableness T2

−.20

.09

−2.12

.034

[−.376, −.015]

Extraversion T2

−.38

.07

−5.52

<.001

[−.511, −.243]

Openness T2

.15

.09

1.67

.095

[−.027, .332]

  1. Note. Model fits are presented in text. X = Interaction, T = Wave number, Neg. econ. impact = Negative economic impact. Hardiness = Revised Norwegian dispositional resilience scale. Dependent variable = PHQ-ADS T2. Unstandardized b-coefficient