Skip to main content

Table 2 Bivariate association of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescents (at wave-2) with cyberbullying victimization and other background characteristics

From: The effects of cyberbullying victimization on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents and young adults: a three year cohort study from India

Background characteristics

Depressive symptoms at wave 2

Suicidal ideation at wave 2

Males

Females

Males

Females

Percent

Chi square p-value

Percent

Chi square p-value

Percent

Chi square p-value

Percent

Chi square p-value

Cyberbullying victimization at wave1

 

0.012

 

< 0.001

 

0.045

 

0.011

 No

16.2

 

34.4

 

2.8

 

8.1

 

 Yes

25.8

 

41.5

 

6.2

 

11

 

Cyberbullying victimization at wave 2

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 No

15.4

 

33

 

2.5

 

7.4

 

 Yes

33.2

 

53.2

 

7.9

 

17.8

 

Depressive symptoms at wave 1

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 No

15.5

 

31.4

 

2.4

 

7.4

 

 Yes

27.8

 

49.1

 

7.8

 

12.1

 

Substance use

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 No

14.53

 

34.22

 

2.05

 

8.07

 

 Yes

20.78

 

48.14

 

4.66

 

13.13

 

Violent behaviour

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.004

 No

14.24

 

34.13

 

2.04

 

8.06

 

 Yes

21.03

 

43.17

 

4.53

 

10.91

 

Age group

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 13–17

10.76

 

21.62

 

1.25

 

4.39

 

 18–20

18.87

 

34.23

 

3.93

 

8.45

 

 21–23

20

 

39.01

 

2.79

 

9.03

 

Marital status

 

0.238

 

< 0.001

 

0.178

 

< 0.001

 Married

19.42

 

41.81

 

4.37

 

10.48

 

 Single

16.3

 

27.99

 

2.77

 

6.13

 

Educational level

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.007

 Illiterate

1.8

 

4.91

 

15.32

 

38.1

 

 Up to 8 years

4.02

 

6.1

 

12.19

 

34.86

 

 9 or more years

6.79

 

10.82

 

18.79

 

33.92

 

Ownership of mobile

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

Phone

 No

14.93

 

32.57

 

2.99

 

5.26

 

 Own mobile phone

19.06

 

40.05

 

3.49

 

9.88

 

 Use family member’s mobile phone

10.08

 

31.21

 

1.22

 

7.28

 

Internet access

 

< 0.001

 

0.036

 

0.023

 

0.436

 No

9.67

 

33.99

 

1.74

 

8.43

 

 Yes

18.22

 

35.85

 

3.14

 

8.03

 

Use of social media

 

< 0.001

 

0.245

 

0.023

 

0.883

 No

10.27

 

34.43

 

2.01

 

8.28

 

 Yes

19.28

 

35.55

 

3.23

 

8.2

 

Peer connection

 

0.021

 

0.007

 

0.012

 

0.228

 Bad

14.95

 

33.95

 

2.12

 

8.05

 

 Good

17.55

 

36.5

 

3.38

 

8.71

 

Work

 

< 0.001

 

0.006

 

< 0.001

 

0.003

 Yes

20.25

 

37.07

 

4.0

 

9.72

 

 No

13.64

 

34.14

 

2.0

 

7.87

 

Religion

 

0.918

 

0.682

 

0.225

 

< 0.001

 Hindu

16.47

 

34.67

 

2.98

 

8.77

 

 Non-Hindu

16.31

 

35.1

 

2.15

 

6.4

 

Caste

 

0.571

 

< 0.001

 

0.036

 

< 0.001

 SC/ST

16.57

 

37.31

 

3.96

 

9.99

 

 OBC

16.01

 

34.87

 

2.55

 

8.44

 

 Other

17.56

 

30.85

 

2.27

 

5.26

 

Wealth index

 

0.378

 

< 0.001

 

0.894

 

< 0.001

 Poorest

14.01

 

37.25

 

2.9

 

10.72

 

 Poorer

15.59

 

36.11

 

2.43

 

9.38

 

 Middle

15.64

 

35.66

 

2.75

 

8.92

 

 Richer

17.41

 

35.43

 

2.76

 

8.23

 

 Richest

17.41

 

31

 

3.22

 

5.68

 

Place of residence

 

0.515

 

0.015

 

0.024

 

0.129

 Urban

16.84

 

36.02

 

3.47

 

8.72

 

 Rural

16.11

 

33.87

 

2.34

 

7.94

 

State

 

0.19

 

< 0.001

 

0.793

 

< 0.001

 Uttar Pradesh

15.74

 

30.32

 

2.78

 

7.22

 

 Bihar

17.2

 

38.63

 

2.91

 

9.17

 

Total

16.44

 

34.76

 

2.85

 

8.26