Table 3 Logistic regression estimate for depressive symptoms by background characteristics among adolescents at wave-2
Background Characteristics | Model-1: OR (CI) | Model-2: AOR (CI) |
|---|---|---|
Cyberbullying victimization at wave 1 | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 1.15*(0.98 1.35) | 0.97 (0.82 1.14) |
Cyberbullying victimization at wave 2 | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 2.45***(2.17 2.75) | 2.07***(1.83 2.34) |
Depression at wave 1 | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 2.14***(1.95 2.34) | 1.77***(1.61 1.94) |
Substance use | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 1.76***(1.48 2.09) | 1.56***(1.31 1.86) |
Suicidal ideation | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 0.97 (0.88 1.08) | 1.64***(1.46 1.84) |
Violent behaviour | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 0.90*(0.8 1.01) | 1.3***(1.14 1.48) |
Age group (in years) | ||
13–17® | ||
18–20 | 1.47***(1.29 1.69) | |
21–23 | 1.56***(1.35 1.82) | |
Sex | ||
Male® | ||
Female | 2.64***(2.33 2.98) | |
Marital status | ||
Single | ||
Married® | 1.65***(1.50 1.82) | |
Educational level | ||
Illiterate® | ||
Up to 8 years | 1.06 (0.93 1.2) | |
9 or more years | 1.08 (0.95 1.23) | |
Ownership of mobile phone | ||
No® | ||
Own mobile | 0.87 (0.68 1.09) | |
Access family member’s mobile phone | 0.79**(0.63 0.99) | |
Internet access | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 1.09 (0.97 1.23) | |
Use of social media | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 1.03 (0.91 1.16) | |
Peer connection | ||
Bad® | ||
Good | 1.17***(1.08 1.26) | |
Work | ||
No® | ||
Yes | 0.83***(0.76 0.90) | |
Religion | ||
Hindu® | ||
Non-Hindu | 1.16***(1.05 1.27) | |
Caste | ||
SC/ST | 1.11 (0.98 1.25) | |
OBC | 1.02 (0.92 1.13) | |
Other® | ||
Wealth index | ||
Poorest | 1.15*(1 1.34) | |
Poorer | 1.16**(1.02 1.32) | |
Middle | 1.12*(0.99 1.26) | |
Richer | 1.11**(1 1.23) | |
Richest® | ||
Place of residence | ||
Urban® | ||
Rural | 0.92**(0.85 0.99) | |
State | ||
Uttar Pradesh® | ||
Bihar | 1.24***(1.14 1.33) | |
Constant | 0.34***(0.32–0.35) | 0.08***(0.06 0.11) |