Table 1 General characteristics of participants at base line

Sex^a

Female Male

27 (96.4) 1 (3.6)

23 (82.1) 5 (17.9)

0.193

Age (year)^b

43.14 (9.25)

42.86 (8.01)

0.902

Educational level^a

Illiterate & elementary Guidance & high school Diploma University

7 (25) 6 (21.4)

3 (10.7) 6 (21.4)

0.50

7 (25) 8 (28.6)

7 (25) 12 (42.9)

marital situation^a

ingle Married Divorced

2 (7.1) 26 (92.9) -

3 (10.7) 24 (85.7) 1 (3.6)

0.53

Sunlight exposure a day^a

No exposure 10–60 min > 60 min

8 (28.6) 18 (64.3) 2 (7.1)

5 (17.9) 22 (78.6) 1 (3.5)

0.49

Time of sunlight exposure^a

10 AM- 15 PM Other times

18 (64.3) 10 (35.7)

12 (44.4) 15 (55.6)

0.14

Duration of Sunlight exposure^b (min)

26.61 (25.09)

24 (16.76)

0.86

Sunlight exposure ^a (part of body)

Face feet Hand from wrist Hand from arm Combination of above

8 (28.6) 1 (3.6)—1 (3.6)

18 (64.3)

3 (10.7)—2 (7.1) 1 (3.6)

22 (78.6)

0.23

Sunscreen usage^a

Never Occasionally Often always

13 (46.4) 5 (17.9) 2 (7.1)

8 (28.6)

13 (46.4) 8 (28.6) 2 (7.1)

5 (17.9)

0.71

Drug usage^a

Never Very low Low

Moderate High

23 (82.1) 3 (10.7) 1 (3.6)

1 (3.6)

23 (82.1) 3 (10.7) 1 (3.6)

1 (3.6) -

0.74

Alcohol consumption^a

Never Very low Low

26 (92.9) 1 (3.6) 1 (3.6)

21 (75) 6 (21.4) 1 (3.6)

0.13

Physical activity level ^a

Very low Low Moderate

High Very high

17 (60.7) 9 (32.1) 2 (7.1)

- -

15 (53.6) 8 (28.6) 3 (10.7)

1 (3.6) 1 (3.6)

0.67

vitamin D status of study groups^{c a}

Deficiency insufficiency sufficiency

1(3.6) 9 (32.1) 18 (64.3)

7 (25) 9 (32.1) 12 (42.9)

0.058

Anthropometric measurements

Weight

75.72 (12.22)

75.15 (16.73)

0.88

BMI [kg (m2)-1]

29.98 (4.64)

28.55 (5.33)

0.29

Waist circumference (cm)

98.91(10.54)

97.75 (12.27)

0.71

Hip circumference (cm)

113.39 (8.29)

112.32 (11.70)

0.69

WHR

0.87 (0.07)

0.87 (0.07)

0.84

Blood pressure

SBP (mm Hg)

122.25 (14.11)

120.18 (13.06)

0.57

DBP (mmHg)

79.79 (10.78)

77.75 (10.31)

0.52