Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Total n = 5,965 | Depressive symptoms | P value* | Adjusted ORa [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 1,297 | No n = 4,668 | ||||
Age, yr | 55.93 ± 0.12 | 55.87 ± 0.14 | 56.15 ± 0.26 | 0.352 | — |
Age subgroups, yr | |||||
40–49 | 1789 (30.0) | 378 (21.1) | 1411 (78.9) | 0.693 | — |
50–59 | 1977 (33.1) | 423 (21.4) | 1554 (78.6) | ||
60–69 | 1685 (28.2) | 378 (22.4) | 137 (77.6) | ||
70–79 | 514 (8.6) | 118 (23.0) | 396 (77.0) | ||
Residence | |||||
Rural | 4911(82.3) | 1027 (20.9) | 3884 (79.1) | 0.001 | 1 |
City | 1054 (17.7) | 270 (25.6) | 784 (74.4) | 0.78 [0.67, 0.92] | |
Having spouse | |||||
Yes | 5623 (94.4) | 1201 (21.4) | 4422 (78.6) | 0.004 | 1 |
No | 335 (5.6) | 94 (28.1) | 241 (71.9) | 0.70 [0.54, 0.90] | |
Comorbidity | |||||
Yes | 1556 (26.1) | 392 (25.2) | 1164 (74.8) | < 0.001 | 1 |
No | 4409 (73.9) | 905 (20.5) | 3504 (79.5) | 1.29 [1.12, 1.48] | |
Cigarette smoking | |||||
Never | 1884 (31.6) | 359 (19.1) | 1525 (80.9) | — | 1 |
Current | 3389 (56.8) | 780 (23.0) | 2609 (77.0) | 0.001 | 1.32 [1.15, 1.53] |
Past | 692 (11.6) | 158 (22.8) | 534 (77.2) | 0.034 | 1.25 [1.01, 1.55] |
Cigarettes/day | |||||
< 10 | 747 (22.0) | 204 (27.3) | 543 (72.7) | 0.003 | 0.84 [0.76, 0.94] |
10–20 | 1300 (38.4) | 298 (22.9) | 1002 (77.1) | ||
> 20 | 1342 (39.6) | 278 (20.7) | 1064 (79.3) | ||
Alcohol drinking | |||||
Never | 1664 (27.9) | 350 (21.0) | 1314 (79.0) | — | 1 |
Occasional | 2188 (36.7) | 513 (23.4) | 1675 (76.6) | 0.075 | 1.13 [0.97, 1.32] |
Frequent | 1798 (30.1) | 347 (19.3) | 1451 (80.7) | 0.204 | 0.86 [0.73, 1.02] |
Past | 315 (5.3) | 87 (27.6) | 228 (72.4) | 0.010 | 1.31 [0.99, 1.74] |
Alcohol intake (g/week) | |||||
< 140 | 2052 (51.5) | 492 (24.0) | 1560 (76.0) | < 0.001 | 0.80 [0.73, 0.88] |
140–280 | 1052 (26.4) | 227 (21.6) | 825 (78.4) | ||
> 280 | 882 (22.1) | 141 (16.0) | 741 (84.0) | ||
Cigarette smoking × alcohol drinking | 0.432 | — | |||
Depression severity | |||||
Mild | — | 567(43.7) | — | — | — |
Moderate | — | 595(45.9) | — | — | — |
Severe | — | 135(10.4) | — | — | — |