Table 4 Superordinate theme 2: ESM Approach

2.1 Data collection method

 2.1.1 ESM protocol

Data collection trigger

Event-contingent assessments: carried out when a predefined event has occurred, for example attending a social event

Signal-contingent assessments: scheduled at random times

Time-contingent assessments: involve prompting the individual to make an assessment at pre-defined intervals

Hybrid assessments: a combination of more than one data collection trigger

 2.1.2 Type of prompt

Alert to promote participant response

Auditory (beep)

Vibrate

Visual prompt

 2.1.3 Hardware used

The hardware used to collect data

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

Online data collection platform

Smartphone

 2.1.4 Software used

The software used to collect data

Smartphone application

 2.1.5 Device ownership

Owner of the device used to collect data

Provided by researcher

Pre-owned by participant

2.2 Measures

 2.2.1 Questionnaire completion time

Total time taken by participants to complete one round of questions

minutes (n)

 2.2.2 Type of data

Type of data being collected

Cognitive data (e.g., Mobile word task)

Behavioural data (e.g., instance of cannabis use)

Experience data (e.g., current mood)

Context data (e.g., immediate physical environment)

 2.2.3 Questionnaire design

Were questions derived from psychometrically validated scales?

Derived from validated scale/scales

Uses non-validated scales

 2.2.4 Other data collected?

Was other participant data collected during the ESM data collection period?

Yes

No

2.3 Schedule

 2.3.1 Measurement duration

Time period within each day that data collection takes place, i.e., gap between earliest and latest time

Hours (n)

 2.3.2 Questionnaire availability

How long was the questionnaire available for participant response after each prompt?

Minutes (n)

 2.3.3 Data collection frequency

Number of prompts per day

n

 2.3.4 Length of time in study

Length of time ESM data collection is conducted

Days (n)