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Table 1 Outline of the anxiety prevention program in this study

From: School-based cognitive behavioural intervention programme for addressing anxiety in 10- to 11-year-olds using short classroom activities in Japan: a quasi-experimental study

Session

Content

Study objective

*Exercise focus

1–4

Understanding feelings of anxiety

Understanding that anxiety is an important feeling that protects one from danger and that it is not necessary to totally eliminate anxiety

*Clarify anxiety object and set a target

5

Body reactions and relaxation

Learning that anxiety and tension of both

body and mind can be reduced by relaxation

*Practice and acquire techniques of breathing and muscle relaxation

6–7

Anxiety level stages and stair step exposure

Learning that it is important to gradually expose oneself to anxiety rather than to avoid it

*Develop anxiety hierarchy table

*Climb anxiety ladder step by step (up to Session 14)

8–9

Anxiety cognition model

Learning that cognition, behaviour, and feelings are closely connected to each other and that the level of anxiety changes with cognition

*Develop a triangle of cognition, behaviour, and feelings

10–11

Rumination of the maladaptive cognition

Learning that anxiety will inflate by the rumination of the maladaptive cognition and lead to a vicious circle

*Realize maladaptive cognition

12

(45 min)

Cognitive restructuring when anxious

Learning that anxiety can be reduced by reviewing and restructuring cognitions when anxious

*Restructure cognition at anxious moments

13

Review

Reviewing each session’s content with all participants

*Reviewing sessions 1 to 8

14

Summary

Confirming how anxiety level and self- confidence have changed by participating in the ‘Journey of the Brave’ programme

*Graduation ceremony