Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models fitting results for associated factors of SI indicators

Anxiety: GAD-7 score ≥ 5 (Ref: GAD-7 < 5)

3.21 (2.41, 4.29)

3.05 (2.35, 3.97)

2.33 (1.83, 2.96)

Depression: PHQ-9 score ≥ 5 (Ref: PHQ-9 < 5)

2.71 (1.98, 3.73)

4.60 (3.43, 6.20)

2.81 (2.30, 3.45)

Mindfulness score: + 5 points

0.95 (0.94, 0.96)

0.98 (0.97, 0.99)

0.95 (0.94, 0.95)

0.98 (0.97, 0.99)

0.95 (0.94, 0.95)

0.97 (0.97, 0.98)

Childhood maltreatment: Yes (Ref: No)

5.61 (4.50, 7.06)

2.95 (2.22, 3.96)

5.23 (4.31, 6.38)

2.71 (2.35, 3.97)

3.26 (2.90, 3.67)

2.13 (1.82, 2.51)

Gender: Girls (Ref: Boys)

1.71 (1.44, 2.03)

1.42 (1.12, 1.79)

2.16 (1.84, 2.53)

1.88 (1.51, 2.37)

1.84 (1.65, 2.07)

1.81 (1.55, 2.12)

Age: + 1 year

0.92 (0.89, 0.96)

1.02 (0.90, 1.16)

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

1.09 (1.06, 1.12)

1.03 (0.95, 1.13)

Ethnicity: Minorities (Ref: Han majority)

1.16 (0.96, 1.40)

1.01 (0.84, 1.19)

1.05 (0.92, 1.20)

Residence: Village (Ref: Township)

0.83 (0.68, 1.01)

0.62 (0.51, 0.75)

0.63 (0.46, 0.86)

0.87 (0.77, 0.99)

0.66 (0.53, 0.82)

Study style: Boarding students (Ref: Day students)

0.55 (0.46, 0.66)

1.01 (0.54, 1.90)

0.65 (0.55, 0.77)

1.46 (0.82, 2.67)

1.13 (1.01, 1.26)

0.98 (0.67, 1.45)

Single child: No (Ref: Yes)

1.18 (0.99, 1.40)

0.94 (0.81, 1.10)

1.07 (0.95, 1.19)

Educational level of father: Junior high school and above (Ref: Elementary school and below)

1.09 (0.84, 1.44)

1.26 (0.98, 1.63)

1.08 (0.90, 1.29)

1.27 (0.97, 1.66)

Educational level of mother: Junior high school and above (Ref: Elementary school and below)

0.82 (0.63, 1.07)

0.93 (0.73, 1.21)

0.74 (0.62, 0.90)

0.75 (0.57, 0.98)

Family income: Unstable (Ref: Stable)

2.47 (1.37, 4.25)

1.57 (0.70, 3.32)

2.61 (1.51, 4.36)

1.98 (0.90, 4.18)

2.53 (1.50, 4.47)

1.89 (0.92, 4.09)

Left-behind children: No (Ref: Yes)

0.46 (0.35, 0.61)

0.60 (0.41, 0.89)

0.50 (0.38, 0.65)

0.68 (0.46, 1.01)

0.60 (0.47, 0.75)

0.76 (0.55, 1.06)

Marital status of the parents: Divorced/Re-married/Widowed (Ref: In marriage)

1.77 (1.38, 2.25)

1.04 (0.74, 1.45)

2.25 (1.81, 2.78)

1.38 (1.00, 1.90)

1.72 (1.42, 2.08)

1.14 (0.87, 1.49)

 Junior high school

1.14 (0.92, 1.41)

0.62 (0.39, 0.98)

1.88 (1.53, 2.33)

0.92 (0.58, 1.44)

1.93 (1.65, 2.25)

1.31 (0.96, 1.80)

 Senior high school

0.56 (0.44, 0.71)

0.19 (0.07, 0.48)

0.95 (0.76, 1.19)

0.21 (0.08, 0.52)

1.78 (1.52, 2.08)

0.84 (0.44, 1.60)