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Table 1 Sample characteristics stratified by self-rating biological rhythm disorder (total) (N = 3693)a

From: Multidimensional self-rating biological rhythm disorder and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents aged 11–23 years: a school-based cross-sectional study from China

Variables

N (%)

Biological rhythm disorder (Total)

Low (%)

Middle (%)

High (%)

χ2 / K-W

Gender

     

 Male

1782 (48.25)

555 (31.14)

797 (44.73)

430 (24.13)

37.96**

 Female

1911 (51.75)

431 (22.55)

912 (47.72)

568 (29.72)

Academic stage

     

 Junior high school

1020 (27.62)

426 (41.76)

396 (38.82)

198 (19.41)

182.96**

 Vocational high school

849 (22.99)

212 (24.97)

386 (45.47)

251 (29.56)

 Senior high school

1067 (28.89)

222 (20.81)

539 (50.52)

306 (28.68)

 University

757 (20.50)

16 (16.64)

388 (51.25)

243 (32.1)

Residential areas

     

 Rural

1890 (51.18)

450 (23.81)

911 (48.2)

529 (27.99)

16.54**

 Urban

1803 (48.82)

536 (29.73)

798 (44.26)

469 (26.01)

Only child status

     

 No

3240 (87.73)

858 (26.48)

1509 (46.57)

873 (26.94)

1.04

 Yes

453 (12.27)

128 (28.26)

200 (44.15)

125 (27.59)

Father’s education

     

 Below elementary school

133 (3.60)

30 (22.56)

58 (43.61)

45 (33.83)

6.87

 Elementary school

509 (13.78)

125 (24.56)

238 (46.76)

146 (28.68)

 Junior high school

1678 (45.44)

435 (25.92)

795 (47.38)

448 (26.7)

 Senior high school or technical school

855 (23.15)

241 (28.19)

391 (45.73)

223 (26.08)

 Junior college or above

518 (14.03)

155 (29.92)

227 (43.82)

136 (26.25)

Mother’s education

     

 Below elementary school

300 (8.12)

61 (20.33)

154 (51.33)

85 (28.33)

14.36**

 Elementary school

658 (17.82)

155 (23.56)

306 (46.5)

197 (29.94)

 Junior high school

1495 (40.48)

394 (26.35)

699 (46.76)

402 (26.89)

 Senior high school or technical school

793 (21.47)

238 (30.01)

354 (44.64)

201 (25.35)

 Junior college or above

447 (12.10)

138 (30.87)

196 (43.85)

113 (25.28)

Self-perceived family economy

     

 Under moderate

649 (17.57)

115 (17.72)

310 (47.77)

224 (34.51)

59.92**

 Moderate

2656 (71.92)

722 (27.18)

1236 (46.54)

698 (26.28)

 Over moderate

388 (10.51)

149 (38.4)

163 (42.01)

76 (19.59)

Self-perceived study burden

     

 Low

183 (4.96)

70 (38.25)

65 (35.52)

48 (26.23)

70.59**

 Medium

2205 (59.71)

649 (29.43)

1055 (47.85)

501 (22.72)

 High

1305 (35.34)

267 (20.46)

589 (45.13)

449 (34.41)

The number of close friends

     

 0

73 (1.98)

19 (26.03)

27 (36.99)

27 (36.99)

25.68**

 1–2

1000 (27.08)

239 (23.90)

460 (46.00)

301 (30.10)

 3–5

1768 (47.87)

448 (25.34)

844 (47.74)

476 (26.92)

  > 5

852 (23.07)

280 (32.86)

378 (44.37)

194 (22.77)

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
  2. a 295 samples were missing information on SBRDA, 105 samples were missing information on PHQ-9 and GAD-7, 79 samples were missing information on age, 19 samples were missing information on gender, 9 samples were missing information on residential areas, 4 samples were missing information on self-perceived family economy, 26 samples were missing information on parents’ education, 78 samples were missing information on only child status, 26 were missing information on the number of close friends, 17 were missing information on self-perceived study burden