Table 1 Characteristics of the 255 (52%) Utøya attack survivors in this study by gender
|  | Female (n = 123) | Male (n = 132) |  | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of survivors | n/mean | (%/sd) | n/mean | (%/sd) | p-value |
Minor at time of attack (< 18 y) (n = 255) | |||||
 Yes | 63 | (51.2) | 51 | (38.6) | 0.043 |
 No | 60 | (48.8) | 81 | (61.4) |  |
Non-Norwegian origin (n = 251) | |||||
 Yes | 7 | (5.8) | 13 | (9.9) | 0.232 |
 No | 113 | (94.2) | 118 | (91.1) |  |
Financially disadvantaged (n = 249) | |||||
 Yes | 26 | (21.5) | 24 | (18.8) | 0.590 |
 No | 95 | (78.5) | 104 | (81.2) |  |
Peripheral residence (n = 253) | |||||
 Yes | 19 | (15.6) | 15 | (11.5) | 0.337 |
 No | 103 | (84.4) | 116 | (88.5) |  |
Hospitalized directly after attack (n = 241) | |||||
 Yes | 13 | (10.6) | 4 | (3.0) | 0.001 |
 No | 110 | (89.4) | 128 | (97.0) |  |
Mean level of exposure, 0–13 (n = 252) | 8,53 | (2.22) | 8,41 | (2.10) | 0.659 |
Posttraumatic stress symptoms | |||||
 (mean sum of PTSD-RI) | |||||
  Wave 1 (n = 235) | 29,5 | (11.9) | 23.2 | (11.6) | < 0.001 |
  Wave 2 (n = 223) | 23,8 | (11.7) | 18.6 | (10.7) | < 0.001 |
  Wave 3 (n = 254) | 22,8 | (12.3) | 16.2 | (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Depression and anxiety symptoms | |||||
 (mean HSCL-8) | |||||
  Wave 1 (n = 235) | 2,23 | (0.68) | 1.94 | (0.59) | < 0.001 |
  Wave 2 (n = 223) | 1,95 | (0.69) | 1.69 | (0.59) | 0.003 |
  Wave 3 (n = 254) | 1,91 | (0.70) | 1.56 | (0.57) | < 0.001 |
Somatic symptoms | |||||
 (mean CSSI) | |||||
  Wave 1 (n = 235) | 1,88 | (0.55) | 1.57 | (0.50) | < 0.001 |
  Wave 2 (n = 223) | 1,81 | (0.56) | 1.50 | (0.43) | < 0.001 |
  Wave 3 (n = 254) | 1,67 | (0.51) | 1.43 | (0.41) | < 0.001 |