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Table 4 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 797 women with postpartum depression (PPD) by latent class, presented as N(%) unless otherwise specified

From: The PPD-ACT app in Canada: feasibility and a latent class analysis of participants with postpartum depression recruited to a psychiatric genetics study using a mobile application

Variable

Class 1

Moderate-Severity

(n = 278)

Class 2

Severe

(n = 519)

P value

Demographics

Mean age (SD) in years

30.5 (4.5)

29.9 (4.8)

0.24

Race/Ethnicitya

0.56

 Indigenous

5 (1.8)

18 (3.5)

 

 Asian

14 (5.0)

26 (5.0)

 

 White

244 (87.8)

447 (86.1)

 

 Other

12 (4.3)

27 (5.2)

 

 Time (SD) in years since index episode

3.9 (6.6)

5.2 (7.2)

0.009

Clinical and Health Service Use Characteristics

 Mean (SD) Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS)

18.0 (2.5)

24.5 (2.1)

< 0.001

 Mean (SD) EPDS Anxiety Subscaleb

7 (1.7)

9 (0.96)

< 0.001

 EPDS Suicidalityc

24 (8.6)

274 (52.8)

< 0.001

 Self-reported physician diagnosis of psychosis

20 (7.2)

89 (17.1)

< 0.001

 Sought professional help for mental illness

142 (51.1)

410 (79.0)

< 0.001

 Hospitalized for mental illness

6 (2.2)

44 (8.5)

< 0.001

 Received medication for mental illness

86 (30.9)

307 (59.2)

< 0.001

PPD Characteristics

 Onset of depressive symptoms

0.002

 During first trimester of pregnancy

46 (16.5)

73 (14.1)

 

 During second trimester of pregnancy

19 (6.8)

54 (10.4)

 

 During third trimester of pregnancy

27 (9.7)

48 (9.2)

 

 0–4 weeks after delivery of pregnancy

115 (41.4)

265 (51.1)

 

 1–3 months after delivery of pregnancy

71 (25.5)

79 (15.2)

 

Length of depressive symptoms

< 0.001

 2–4 weeks

46 (16.5)

30 (5.8)

 

 1–3 months

74 (26.6)

63 (12.1)

 

 3 or more months

158 (56.8)

426 (82.1)

 

Interference of depression symptoms

< 0.001

 Never or rarely

4 (1.4)

0 (0)

 

 Rarely

52 (18.7)

6 (1.2)

 

 Sometimes

151 (54.3)

148 (28.5)

 

 Often

71 (25.5)

365 (70.3)

 
  1. aMissing n = 3 in Class 1, n = 1 in Class 2 bEPDS anxiety subscale calculated from items 3–5, (3:“I have blamed myself unnecessarily when things went wrong”), (4:“I have been anxious or worried for no good reason”), and (5:“I have felt scared or panicky for no very good reason”) cResponses of sometimes or often on EPDS item 10 (‘the thought of harming myself has occurred to me’)