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Table 2 Multilevel models comparing trends in 2020 (as fixed factor) compared with equivalent month in 2019 (reference event)

From: Pediatric psychiatric emergency rooms during COVID-19: a multi-center study

Multi center mixed-effects linear models

Model

Outcome

B (95% CI)

p

1

Visits to the ERa

-8.20 (-13.25, -3.14)

.002

2

% Stress related, anxiety and mood disordersb

-0.06 (-0.10, -0.01)

.017

% ADHD, conduct and learning disabilitiesb

0.06 (-0.01, 0.12)

.09

% Other severe psychiatric morbidityb

0.07 (0.01, 0.14)

.029

3

% Hospitalizationc

-0.01 (-0.05, 0.02)

.39

Single center non-parametric tests

Test

Outcome

Δ Prevalence (2020 minus 2019)

Χ2 (df = 2)

p

1

Psychiatric historye

 + 15.3%

26.79

 < .001

2

Special educationd

 + 2.88%

0.06

.81

  1. a Outcome measure: Average number of visits per month
  2. b Outcome measure: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among overall monthly visits to the ER (0 ≤ % ≤ 1); Modeled as the interaction between each diagnosis and prevalence in 2020
  3. c Outcome measure: Prevalence of visits which resulted in hospitalization (0 ≤ % ≤ 1)
  4. d Outcome measure: Prevalence of patients studying in special education institutes (0 ≤ % ≤ 1)
  5. e Outcome measure: Prevalence of patients previously known to the clinic (0 ≤ % ≤ 1)