Variables | Total | Depressive symptoms# | Controls | \(\frac{x^2}{t^\psi}\) | P * | Boys | Girls | \(\psi\) | P * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
Total | 238 (100.0) | 87 (36.6) | 151 (63.4) | 110 (46.2) | 128 (53.8) | ||||
Group | 6.182 | 0.013 | |||||||
Depressive symptoms# | 87 (36.6) | 31 (28.2) | 56 (43.8) | ||||||
Controls | 151 (63.4) | 79 (71.8) | 72 (56.2) | ||||||
Sex | 6.182 | 0.013 | |||||||
Boys | 110 (46.2) | 31 (35.6) | 79 (52.3) | ||||||
Girls | 128 (53.8) | 56 (64.4) | 72 (47.7) | ||||||
Age (year, mean (SD)) | 13.6 (1.4) | 13.6 (1.4) | 13.6 (1.5) | -0.178 | 0.859 | 13.8 (1.5) | 13.5 (1.4) | 1.589 | 0.114 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean (SD)) | 19.6 (3.5) | 20.0 (3.7) | 19.4 (3.4) | -1.411 | 0.160 | 20.1 (4.2) | 19.2 (2.8) | 1.746 | 0.083 |
Cortisol concentration (µg/mL, mean (SD)) | 230.3 (104.0) | 234.4 (111.1) | 227.9 (100.0) | -0.465 | 0.643 | 231.8 (97.8) | 229.0 (109.5) | 0.210 | 0.834 |
Family structure | 12.117 | 0.002 | 2.716 | 0.257 | |||||
Living in a two-parent family | 189 (79.7) | 59 (67.8) | 130 (86.7) | 91 (83.5) | 98 (76.6) | ||||
Living in a single-parent family | 31(13.1) | 18 (20.7) | 13 (8.7) | 10 (9.2) | 21 (16.4) | ||||
Living with others | 17 (7.2) | 10 (11.5) | 7 (4.6) | 8 (7.3) | 9 (7.0) | ||||
Missing data | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
Family relationship | 24.160 | < 0.001 | 3.410 | 0.182 | |||||
Good | 188 (79.0) | 54 (62.1) | 134 (88.7) | 92 (83.6) | 96 (75.0) | ||||
Average | 35 (14.7) | 22 (25.3) | 13 (8.6) | 14 (12.7) | 21 (16.4) | ||||
Poor | 15 (6.3) | 11 (12.6) | 4 (2.7) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (8.6) | ||||
HSS | 9.552 | 0.008 | 1.694 | 0.429 | |||||
Above average | 123 (51.7) | 37 (42.5) | 86 (57.0) | 52 (47.3) | 71 (55.5) | ||||
Average | 106 (44.5) | 43 (49.4) | 63 (41.7) | 53 (48.2) | 53 (41.4) | ||||
Below average | 9 (3.8) | 7 (8.1) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (4.5) | 4 (3.1) | ||||
Academic performance | 15.425 | < 0.001 | |||||||
Good | 125 (52.7) | 32 (36.8) | 93 (62.0) | 61 (55.5) | 64 (50.4) | 0.768 | 0.681 | ||
Average | 57 (24.1) | 25 (28.7) | 32 (21.3) | 26 (23.6) | 31 (24.4) | ||||
Poor | 55 (23.2) | 30 (34.5) | 25 (16.7) | 23 (20.9) | 32 (25.2) | ||||
Missing data | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
Current smoking | 2.428 | 0.194 | 0.028 | 0.866 | |||||
Yes | 6 (2.5) | 4 (4.7) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (2.7) | 3 (2.4) | ||||
No | 230 (97.5) | 82 (95.3) | 148 (98.7) | 107 (97.3) | 123 (97.6) | ||||
Missing data | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
Current alcohol consumption | 15.765 | < 0.001 | 3.828 | 0.050 & | |||||
Yes | 83 (35.3) | 44 (51.8) | 39 (26.0) | 31 (28.7) | 52 (40.9) | ||||
No | 152 (64.7) | 41 (48.2) | 111 (74.0) | 77 (71.3) | 75 (59.1) | ||||
Missing data | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA |