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Table 1 Sample characteristics by depressive symptoms and sexes (N = 238)

From: The association of FKBP5 gene methylation, adolescents’ sex, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: a nested case-control study

Variables

Total

Depressive symptoms#

Controls

\(\frac{x^2}{t^\psi}\)  

P *

Boys

Girls

\(\psi\)

P *

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Total

238 (100.0)

87 (36.6)

151 (63.4)

  

110 (46.2)

128 (53.8)

  

Group

       

6.182

0.013

Depressive symptoms#

87 (36.6)

    

31 (28.2)

56 (43.8)

  

Controls

151 (63.4)

    

79 (71.8)

72 (56.2)

  

Sex

   

6.182

0.013

    

Boys

110 (46.2)

31 (35.6)

79 (52.3)

      

Girls

128 (53.8)

56 (64.4)

72 (47.7)

      

Age (year, mean (SD))

13.6 (1.4)

13.6 (1.4)

13.6 (1.5)

-0.178

0.859

13.8 (1.5)

13.5 (1.4)

1.589

0.114

BMI (kg/m2, mean (SD))

19.6 (3.5)

20.0 (3.7)

19.4 (3.4)

-1.411

0.160

20.1 (4.2)

19.2 (2.8)

1.746

0.083

Cortisol concentration (µg/mL, mean (SD))

230.3 (104.0)

234.4 (111.1)

227.9 (100.0)

-0.465

0.643

231.8 (97.8)

229.0 (109.5)

0.210

0.834

Family structure

   

12.117

0.002

  

2.716

0.257

Living in a two-parent family

189 (79.7)

59 (67.8)

130 (86.7)

  

91 (83.5)

98 (76.6)

  

Living in a single-parent family

31(13.1)

18 (20.7)

13 (8.7)

  

10 (9.2)

21 (16.4)

  

Living with others

17 (7.2)

10 (11.5)

7 (4.6)

  

8 (7.3)

9 (7.0)

  

Missing data

1

NA

NA

  

NA

NA

  

Family relationship

   

24.160

< 0.001

  

3.410

0.182

Good

188 (79.0)

54 (62.1)

134 (88.7)

  

92 (83.6)

96 (75.0)

  

Average

35 (14.7)

22 (25.3)

13 (8.6)

  

14 (12.7)

21 (16.4)

  

Poor

15 (6.3)

11 (12.6)

4 (2.7)

  

4 (3.7)

11 (8.6)

  

HSS

   

9.552

0.008

  

1.694

0.429

Above average

123 (51.7)

37 (42.5)

86 (57.0)

  

52 (47.3)

71 (55.5)

  

Average

106 (44.5)

43 (49.4)

63 (41.7)

  

53 (48.2)

53 (41.4)

  

Below average

9 (3.8)

7 (8.1)

2 (1.3)

  

5 (4.5)

4 (3.1)

  

Academic performance

   

15.425

< 0.001

    

Good

125 (52.7)

32 (36.8)

93 (62.0)

  

61 (55.5)

64 (50.4)

0.768

0.681

Average

57 (24.1)

25 (28.7)

32 (21.3)

  

26 (23.6)

31 (24.4)

  

Poor

55 (23.2)

30 (34.5)

25 (16.7)

  

23 (20.9)

32 (25.2)

  

Missing data

1

NA

NA

  

NA

NA

  

Current smoking

   

2.428

0.194

  

0.028

0.866

Yes

6 (2.5)

4 (4.7)

2 (1.3)

  

3 (2.7)

3 (2.4)

  

No

230 (97.5)

82 (95.3)

148 (98.7)

  

107 (97.3)

123 (97.6)

  

Missing data

2

NA

NA

  

NA

NA

  

Current alcohol consumption

   

15.765

< 0.001

  

3.828

0.050 &

Yes

83 (35.3)

44 (51.8)

39 (26.0)

  

31 (28.7)

52 (40.9)

  

No

152 (64.7)

41 (48.2)

111 (74.0)

  

77 (71.3)

75 (59.1)

  

Missing data

3

NA

NA

  

NA

NA

  
  1. NA, not applicable or no data available.
  2. #Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and individual with a score of 28 or higher was considered to have depressive symptoms.
  3. \({}^\psi\)Chi-square tests for categorical variables and the student-t test for continuous variables were performed to test the differences between the two groups.
  4. *P-values were derived from the Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or t-test. Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test was used to test the difference between the depressive symptoms group and control group as well as boys and girls by categorical variables, and a t-test was used to test the age, BMI, and cortisol concentration difference.
  5. &P-value of 0.05 indicated that differences showed marginal significance.
  6. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HSS household socioeconomic status.