Table 3 Risk of Bias for included studies
Author(s) (Year) | Sequence generation | Allocation sequence concealment | Masking of participants and personnela | Masking of outcome assessmenta | Incomplete data | Selective reporting | Other risks of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eikeseth et al. (2002) [49] | High risk (availability of personnel) | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk (contamination, baseline imbalance) |
Eikeseth et al. (2012) [50] | High risk (type of hospital/center) | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk (contamination) |
Eldevik et al. (2012) [51] | High risk (type of hospital/center) | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk (contamination) |
Fava et al. (2011) [52] | High risk (parental preference) | High risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk (contamination) |
Fernell et al. (2011) [53] | High risk (post-hoc assignment) | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk (contamination, baseline imbalance) |
Howard et al. (2005) [24] | High risk (Placement by educational team/ parents) | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk (contamination, baseline imbalance) |
Magiati et al. (2007) [54] | High risk (decision was made before study assignment) | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk (baseline imbalance) |
Molnár et al. (2017) [55] | High risk (date of assignment) | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk (baseline imbalance) |
Remington et al. (2007) [56] | High risk (parental preference) | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk (baseline imbalance) |
Shawler (2016) [48] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Zachor & Ben-Itzchak (2010) [57] | High risk (place of residence) | High risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |