Comparison of in-person vs. telebehavioral health outcomes from rural populations across America

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 sub-samples

Sub-samples	PHQ-9 Sub-sample					GAD-7 Sub-sample
	Telehealth treatment group N = 770		In-person control group N = 752			Telehealth treatment group N = 638		In-person control group N = 652
	N	%	N	%	p-value	N	%	N	%	p-value
Age
0–18	148	19.2	73	9.7	0.001	135	21.2	64	9.8	0.001
19–34	226	29.4	256	34.0		178	27.9	226	34.7
35–64	309	40.1	351	46.7		250	39.2	301	46.2
65 +	87	11.3	72	9.6		75	11.7	61	9.4
Sex
Female	546	70.9	497	66.1	0.005	451	70.7	425	65.2	0.01
Male	224	29.1	248	33.0		187	29.3	221	33.9
Other/prefer not to say/unknown	0	0.0	7	0.9		0	0.0	6	0.9
Race
Asian/American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	13	1.7	14	1.9	0.001	12	1.9	12	1.8	0.001
Black/African American	24	3.1	21	2.8		22	3.5	17	2.6
White	677	87.9	593	78.9		560	87.8	502	77.0
Multi-racial	10	1.3	26	3.5		11	1.7	26	4.0
Unknown	46	6.0	98	13.0		33	5.2	95	14.6
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latinx	50	6.5	38	5.1	0.001	40	6.3	37	5.7	0.001
Not Hispanic/not Latinx	676	87.6	619	82.3		560	87.8	520	79.8
Unknown	44	5.7	95	12.6		38	6.0	95	14.6
Insurance Status
Medicaid	243	31.6	209	27.8	0.001	209	32.8	188	28.8	0.001
Medicare	97	12.6	102	13.6		79	12.4	92	14.1
Dual Medicare/Medicaid	32	4.2	11	1.5		31	4.9	9	1.4
Private Insurance	318	41.3	295	39.2		244	38.2	233	35.7
Self-pay/uninsured	50	6.5	63	8.4		43	6.7	58	8.9
Other	19	2.5	12	1.6		19	3.0	11	1.7
Unknown	11	1.4	60	8.0		13	2.0	61	9.4

Notes. Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding
P-values obtained from chi-square tests comparing telehealth treatment group and in-person control group within each sub-sample

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