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Table 3 Pairwise comparisons of sleep spindle measures between people with SZ and those with other diagnoses

From: Sleep spindles in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders or bipolar disorders: a pilot study in a general population-based cohort

 

Comparisons

SZ vs SAD

SZ vs SAM

SZ vs BP-I

SZ vs BP-II

βa (95CI)

p-value

adj.b p-value

βa (95CI)

p-value

adj.b p-value

βa (95CI)

p-value

adj.b p-value

βa (95CI)

p-value

adj.b p-value

Density

 all

−0.46

(−1.33,0.41)

0.300

0.300

−1.31

(− 1.90,-0.72)

<.0001

< 0.001

− 1.25

(− 2.15,-0.34)

0.007

0.014

− 1.29

(− 2.08,-0.50)

0.001

0.004

 slow

−0.35

(− 1.06,0.37)

0.341

0.341

− 1.39

(− 1.89,-0.88)

<.0001

< 0.001

− 0.74

(− 1.31,-0.17)

0.011

0.021

− 1.23

(− 1.89,-0.58)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 fast (log)

− 0.44

(− 1.57,0.68)

0.441

0.619

−0.51

(− 1.42,0.41)

0.279

0.619

−1.02

(−2.03,-0.02)

0.046

0.186

−0.63

(− 1.60,0.34)

0.206

0.619

Duration

 all (log)

−0.12

(− 0.22,-0.02)

0.024

0.048

−0.23

(− 0.32,-0.15)

<.0001

< 0.001

− 0.09

(− 0.18,0.00)

0.044

0.048

−0.13

(− 0.22,-0.04)

0.005

0.016

 slow (log)

−0.13

(− 0.24,-0.01)

0.027

0.055

− 0.23

(− 0.32,-0.14)

<.0001

< 0.001

− 0.10

(− 0.20,-0.01)

0.037

0.055

−0.14

(− 0.23,-0.04)

0.006

0.019

 fast (exp-2.5)

0.56

(0.15,0.97)

0.007

0.028

0.37

(− 0.10,0.84)

0.119

0.237

0.44

(0.03,0.86)

0.038

0.113

0.26

(−0.16,0.68)

0.232

0.237

Frequency

 all

−0.13

(− 0.50,0.25)

0.515

0.774

0.41

(0.13,0.70)

0.004

0.017

−0.13

(− 0.41,0.16)

0.387

0.774

0.28

(0.01,0.55)

0.039

0.118

 slow

− 0.05

(− 0.23,0.13)

0.614

0.614

0.18

(0.05,0.31)

0.006

0.024

−0.08

(− 0.20,0.04)

0.179

0.357

0.14

(0.02,0.26)

0.024

0.073

 fast

−0.03

(− 0.17,0.12)

0.708

1.000

0.17

(0.05,0.30)

0.008

0.030

0.03

(−0.10,0.16)

0.641

1.000

0.09

(−0.04,0.23)

0.182

0.546

Max amplitude

 all (exp-0.5)

0.02

(−0.05,0.10)

0.571

1.000

0.05

(−0.03,0.13)

0.199

0.795

0.00

(−0.07,0.07)

0.923

1.000

−0.01

(− 0.07,0.06)

0.875

1.000

 slow (exp-0.5)

0.02

(−0.05,0.10)

0.536

1.000

0.05

(−0.03,0.13)

0.195

0.780

0.00

(−0.07,0.07)

0.909

1.000

−0.01

(− 0.07,0.06)

0.882

1.000

 fast (exp-0.5)

0.02

(−0.05,0.10)

0.548

1.000

0.05

(−0.03,0.13)

0.258

1.000

0.00

(−0.07,0.07)

0.972

1.000

−0.01

(− 0.08,0.06)

0.786

1.000

  1. aContrast testing framework from multiple linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, current smoker, electrodes location, TST, N2 (%), AHI and any medication (random intercept model)
  2. bAdjusted p-values for multiple testing using stepwise Bonferroni-Holm