Table 3 Associations between death rate and gender, types of diagnosis, and number of types of diagnosis

Gender

Men: 0.1567 (0.1522–0.1611)

Women: 0.1046 (0.0991–0.1101)

1.497 (1.411–1.590)

p < 0.0001

F10 diagnosis (alcohol)

F10: 0.1504 (0.1462–0.1546)

Not F10: 0.1126 (0.1064–0.1188)

1.335 (1.256–1.420)

p < 0.0001

F11 diagnosis (opioids)

F11: 0.1908 (0.1765–0.2051)

Not F11: 0.1362 (0.1326–0.1398)

1.401 (1.294–1.517)

p < 0.0001

F12 diagnosis (cannabinoids)

F12: 0.0761 (0.0644–0.0879)

Not F12: 0.1439 (0.1403–0.1475)

0.529 (0.452–0.619)

p < 0.0001

F13 diagnosis (sedative hypnotics)

F13: 0.2176 (0.1997–0.2356)

Not F13: 0.1360 (0.1325–0.1396)

1.600 (1.467–1.744)

p < 0.0001

F14 diagnosis (cocaine)

F14: 0.0655 (0.0447–0.0862)

Not F14: 0.1415 (0.1380–0.1450)

0.463 (0.337–0.635)

p < 0.0001

F15 diagnosis (other stimulants, incl caffeine)

F15: 0.1150 (0.1027–0.1273)

Not F15: 0.1423 (0.1386–0.1459)

0.809 (0.724–0.902)

p = 0.0001

F16 diagnosis (hallucinogens)

F16: 0.0337 (-0.0045-0.0719)

Not F16: 0.1407 (0.1372–0.1442)

0.240 (0.079–0.729)

p = 0.0037

F17 diagnosis (tobacco)

F17: 0 (0–0)

Not F17: 0.1404 (0.1369–0.1439)

0 (0)

p = 0.4839

F18 diagnosis (volatile solvents)

F18: 0.2667 (0.0132–0.5202)

Not F18: 0.1404 (0.1369–0.1439)

1.900 (0.821–4.399)

p = 0.1592

F19 diagnosis (multiple drug use of other psychoactive substances)

F19: 0.1399 (0.1327–0.1471)

Not F19: 0.1406 (0.1366–0.1446)

0.995 (0.938–1.055)

p = 0.8708

Number of types of diagnoses

1: 0.1348 (0.1310–0.1385)

2: 0.1562 (0.1450–0.1673)

3: 0.1904 (0.1712–0.2096)

4 or more: 0.2021 (0.1688–0.2355)

p < 0.0001ⁱ

Increase from 1 to 2: 1.159 (1.073–1.251)

p = 0.0002

Increase from 2 to 3: 1.219 (1.078–1.380)

p = 0.0018

Increase from 3 to 4: 1.062 (0.875–1.288)

p = 0.5454