Table 1 Distribution of the presence of emotional distress symptoms by demographics, job stress level, and Effort-reward imbalance (N = 462)
Total | Depression (any level) n/total (row %) | Anxiety (any level) n/total (row %) | Stress (any level) n/total (row %) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N. = 462 | 312/462 (67.5) | 319/42 (69.0) | 239/462 (51.7) | |
n. (column %) | 95%CI (63.2–71.7%) | 95%CI (64.7–73.1%) | 95%CI (47.1–56.3%) | |
Age: Median = 45 (IQR:34-52, Min. = 18-Max. = 60) | ||||
18 – 30 years | 70 (15.2) | 51/70 (72.9) | 52/70 (74.3) | 46/70 (65.7) |
31 – 45 years | 164 (35.5) | 115/164 (70.1) | 114/164 (69.5) | 95/164 (57.9) |
46 – 60 years | 228 (49.4) | 146/228 (64.0) | 153/228 (67.1) | 98/228 (43.0) |
Gender | ||||
Men | 171 (37.0) | 110/171 (64.3) | 104/171 (60.8) | 91/171 (53.2) |
Women | 291 (63.0) | 202/291 (69.4) | 215/291 (73.9) | 148/291 (50.9) |
Marital status | ||||
Un-married | 89 (19.3) | 62/89 (69.7) | 58/89 (65.2) | 46/89 (51.7) |
Married | 373 (80.7) | 250/373 (67.0) | 261/373 (70.0) | 193/373 (51.7) |
Residence | ||||
Rural/urban slum | 60 (13.0) | 36/60 (60.0) | 46/60 (76.7) | 38/60 (36.3) |
Urban | 402 (87.0) | 276/402 (68.7) | 273/402 (67.9) | 201/402 (50.0) |
Educational level | ||||
Less than university | 183 (39.6) | 125/183 (68.3) | 128/183 (69.9) | 95/183 (51.9) |
University or higher | 279 (60.4) | 187/279 (67.0) | 191/279 (68.5) | 144/279 (51.6) |
Job categories | ||||
Workers | 17 (3.7) | 12/17 (70.6) | 12/17 (70.6) | 12/17 (70.6) |
Technicians | 81 (17.5) | 60/81 (74.1) | 59/81 (72.8) | 49/81 (60.5) |
Administrative | 344 (74.5) | 232/344 (67.4) | 237/344 (68.9) | 171/344 (49.7) |
Engineers/IT professionals | 20 (4.3) | 8/20 (40.0) | 11/20 (55.0) | 7/20 (35.0) |
Income | ||||
In debt | 97 (21.0) | 82/97 (84.5) | 78/97 (80.4) | 65/97 (67.0) |
Just meet routine expenses | 238 (51.5) | 167/238 (70.2) | 169/238 (71.0) | 125/238 (52.5) |
Meet routine and emergency expenses | 100 (21.6) | 52/100 (52.0) | 60/100 (60.0) | 39/100 (39.0) |
Able to save/invest money | 27 (5.8) | 11/27 (40.7) | 12/27 (44.4) | 10/27 (37.0) |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
Low | 18 (3.9) | 12/18 (66.7) | 14/18 (77.8) | 14/18 (77.8) |
Middle | 366 (79.2) | 249/366 (68.0) | 257/366 (70.2) | 190/366 (51.9) |
High | 78 (16.9) | 51/78 (65.4) | 48/78 (61.5) | 35/78 (44.9) |
Job Stress Level | ||||
Relatively Calm | 57 (12.3) | 19/57 (33.3) | 25/57 (43.9) | 12/57 (21.1) |
Fairly Low | 117 (25.3) | 60/117 (51.3) | 67/117 (57.3) | 31/117 (26.5) |
Moderate | 149 (32.3) | 105/149 (70.5) | 107/149 (71.8) | 84/149 (56.4) |
Severe | 104 (22.5) | 95/104 (91.3) | 88/104 (84.6) | 82/104 (78.8) |
Potentially Dangerous | 35 (7.6) | 33/35 (94.3) | 32/35 (91.4) | 30/35 (85.7) |
Effort-reward imbalance | ||||
No | 209 (45.2) | 116/209 (55.5) | 123/209 (58.9) | 78/209 (37.3) |
Yes (any) | 253 (54.8) | 196/253 (77.5) | 196/253 (77.5) | 161/253 (63.6) |
Financial | 229 (49.6) | 179/229 (78.2) | 179/229 (78.2) | 145/229 (63.3) |
Emotional | 146 (31.6) | 114/146 (78.1) | 118/146 (80.8) | 102/146 (69.9) |
Both | 122 (26.4) | 97/122 (79.5) | 101/122 (82.8) | 86/122 (70.5) |