Table 2 Meta-analysis for all outcomes at all time-points

Anxiety symptoms

All

TAU/WL

End of treatment

11 (12)

0.58 (0.21, 0.95)

0.002

75.29%

7–12 months FU

2 (2)

0.68 (−0.30, 1.66)

0.17

82.83%

CBT

End of treatment

6 (6)

0.65 (0.08, 1.23)

0.0255

79.29%

DBT

End of treatment

2 (2)

0.87 (0.28, 1.47)

0.004

0.00%

Psychodynamic Treatment

End of treatment

2 (2)

0.21 (−0.47, 0.90)

0.54

46.26%

All

Active

End of treatment

4 (4)

0.25 (−0.07, 0.57)

0.13

0.00%

< 7 months FU

4 (4)

0.01 (−0.57, 0.60)

0.96

67.55%

Depressive symptoms

All

End of Treatment

16 (16)

0.57 (0.32, 0.83)

< 0.0001

67.94%

TAU/WL

< 7 month FU

3 (3)

0.57 (−0.11, 1.25)

0.01

74.70%

7–12 months FU

3 (3)

0.36 (−0.22, 0.95)

0.225

76.11%

13–18 months FU

2 (2)

0.99 (0.42, 1.57)

0.0007

0.00%

CBT

End of Treatment

7 (7)

0.55 (0.23, 0.88)

0.0009

54.88%

DBT

End of Treatment

4 (4)

0.53 (−0.06, 1.13)

0.08

68.39%

Psychodynamic Treatment

End of Treatment

2 (2)

0.54 (0.03, 1.05)

0.04

0.00%

All

Active

End of Treatment

7 (7)

0.15 (−0.07, 0.37)

0.18

33.64%

< 7 months FU

5 (5)

0.02 (−0.46, 0.50)

0.94

72.80%

7–12 months FU

3 (3)

0.14 (−0.17, 0.46)

0.38

35.93%

13–18 months FU

3 (3)

0.15 (−0.17, 0.48)

0.36

0.00%

> 18 months FU

3 (3)

−0.24 (−0.48, 0.01)

0.055

19.59%

DBT

End of Treatment

2 (2)

0.32 (−0.30, 0.94)

0.31

28.94%

MBT

End of Treatment

3 (3)

0.23 (−0.12, 0.57)

0.1950

51.93%

Psychiatric symptoms

All

TAU/WL

End of Treatment

24 (25)

0.50 (0.35, 0.66)

< 0.0001

48.56%

< 7 month FU

8 (8)

0.61 (0.26, 0.95)

0.0006

67.07%

7–12 months FU

5 (5)

0.34 (−0.10, 0.78)

0.13

75.18%

CBT

End of Treatment

7 (7)

0.45 (0.21, 0.69)

0.0002

31.43%

Psychodynamic Therapy

End of Treatment

4 (4)

0.50 (0.14, 0.86)

0.007

34.35%

DBT

End of Treatment

5 (5)

0.36 (0.05, 0.67)

0.02

31.91%

All

Active

End of Treatment

11 (11)

0.14 (−0.09, 0.37)

0.23

55.77%

< 7 month FU

5 (5)

0.15 (−0.08, 0.37)

0.21

0.00%

7–12 months FU

4 (4)

0.07 (−0.14, 0.28)

0.53

0.00%

13–18 months FU

3 (3)

−0.02 (−0.27, 0.23)

0.87

14.19%

> 18 months FU

4 (4)

−0.06 (−0.32, 0.20)

0.66

33.92%

Psychodynamic Therapy

End of Treatment

4 (4)

0.02 (−0.37, 0.40)

0.93

42.76%

DBT

End of Treatment

2 (2)

0.53 (−0.77, 1.83)

0.42

71.27%

MBT

End of Treatment

3 (3)

0.26 (−0.27, 0.79)

0.34

79.42%

BPD symptoms

All

TAU/WL

End of Treatment

16 (17)

0.78 (0.56, 1.01)

< 0.0001

55.40%

< 7 month FU

6 (6)

1.01 (0.37, 1.65)

0.002

83.68%

CBT

End of Treatment

6 (6)

0.89 (0.42, 1.36)

0.0002

76.85%

Psychodynamic Therapy

End of Treatment

2 (2)

0.69 (0.18, 1.21)

0.0085

0.00%

DBT

End of Treatment

5 (5)

0.67 (0.32, 1.01)

0.0002

28.07%

All

Active

End of Treatment

6 (6)

0.04 (−0.13, 0.22)

0.62

0.00%

< 7 month FU

2 (2)

0.24 (−0.03, 0.50)

0.08

0.00%

13–18 months FU

2 (2)

0.17 (−0.09, 0.43)

0.19

0.00%

Psychodynamic Therapy

End of Treatment

2 (2)

−0.05 (−0.42, 0.33)

0.81

0.00%

MBT

End of Treatment

2 (2)

0.17 (−0.14, 0.49)

0.28

0.00%

PD Symptoms

All

TAU/WL

7–12 months FU

2 (2)

0.25 (−0.05, 0.55)

0.1

50.49%

Active

> 18 months FU

3 (3)

−0.13 (−0.45, 0.19)

0.43

26.83%