Table 2 Exploratory factor analysis of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) (n = 440)

1. The fear of coming down with coronavirus makes me very anxious

0.912

0.020

0.088

0.181

5. I am extremely afraid that someone in my family might become infected by the coronavirus

.0863

0.061

0.137

-.072

13. Uncertainties surrounding coronavirus cause me enormous anxiety

0.841

-0.062

0.108

0.232

17. The pace that coronavirus has spread causes me great panic

0.776

0.163

0.020

0.134

9. News about coronavirus-related deaths causes me great anxiety

0.239

0.144

0.138

0.029

20. I argue passionately (or want to argue) with people I consider to be behaving irresponsibly in the face of coronavirus

0.294

0.033

0.138

0.048

10.I experience tremors due to the fear of coronavirus

0.104

-0.065

0.128

0.020

6. I experience serious chest pain out of the fear of coronavirus

0.115

0.861

0.254

.065

14. I experience sleep problems out of the fear of coronavirus

0.000

0.792

-.004

0.005

18. Coronavirus makes me so tense that I find myself unable to do the thing I previously had no problem doing

-0.106

0.768

-.037

0.241

3. After the coronavirus pandemic, I feel extremely anxious when I see people coughing

-0.018

-0.037

0.982

0.028

7. After the coronavirus pandemic, I actively avoid people I see sneezing

0.053

0.012

0.949

0.153

11. Following the coronavirus pandemic, I have noticed that I spend extensive periods of time cleaning my hands

0.041

0.156

0.740

0.049

15. The fear of coming down with coronavirus seriously impedes my social relationships

0.057

0.202

0.698

0.006

19. I am unable to curb my anxiety of catching coronavirus from others

0.040

0.072

0.668

0.019

4. The possibility of food supply shortage due to the coronavirus pandemic causes me anxiety

0.124

-0.172

0.115

0.929

8. The possibility of shortages in cleaning supplies due to the corona virus pandemic causes me anxiety

0.012

0.126

0.198

0.920

12. I stock food with the fear of coronavirus

0.131

0.033

0.012

0.757

16. After the coronavirus pandemic, I do not feel relaxed unless I constantly check on my supplies at home

0.172

0.136

0.045

0.745

Eigenvalue

6.59

7.00

7.22

6.91

% Variance

41.33

10.61

7.56

5.65