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Table 5 Predictors of Risk for Young Adult BPD Diagnosis and Features

From: Developmental predictors of young adult borderline personality disorder: a prospective, longitudinal study of females with and without childhood ADHD

 

Young Adult BPD Diagnosis (n = 201)

Young Adult BPD Features (n = 143)

p

Cohen’s d

p with covariates1

p

R2

p with covariates1

Childhood Predictors

Impulsivity (W1 SNAP-HI Mom/Teach Report)

0.022*

0.58

0.094

0.000***

0.182

0.000***

Inattention (W1 SNAP-IA Mom/Teach Report)

0.15

0.36

0.244

0.000***

0.079

0.000***

Low Executive Functioning (W1 RCFT)

0.004**

0.76

0.031*

0.004**

0.054

0.293

Externalizing (W1 CBCL Mom Report)

0.20

0.32

0.468

0.000***

0.121

0.000***

Internalizing (W1 CBCL Mom Report)

0.41

0.20

0.789

0.004**

0.051

0.025*

Overt Aggression (W1 CSBS Mom/Teach Report)

0.46

0.15

0.958

0.000***

0.137

0.000***

Relational Aggression (W1 CSBS Mom/Teach Report)

0.078

0.43

0.089

0.000***

0.094

0.000***

Negative Nominations (W1 Peer Report)

0.13

0.35

0.462

0.000***

0.114

0.000***

Maternal Psychopathology (W1 BDI)

0.48

0.13

0.891

0.045*

0.020

0.205

Maternal Parenting Stress due to Dysfunctional Interactions (W1 PSI-PCDI)

0.64

0.13

0.633

0.058

0.019

0.017*

Childhood-Adolescent Predictors (Retrospectively Reported)

Cumulative History of Childhood Adversity (W4 ACEs)

0.000***

1.14

0.005**

0.000***

0.213

0.000***

Late Adolescence Predictors

Impulsivity (W3 SNAP-HI Mom/Self Report)

0.000***

1.45

0.000***

0.000***

0.265

0.000***

Inattention (W3 SNAP-IA Mom/Self Report)

0.000***

1.36

0.000***

0.000***

0.177

0.000***

Low Executive Functioning (W3 RCFT)

0.80

0.04

0.994

0.023*

0.033

0.058

Externalizing Symptoms (W3 ASR/ABCL Mom/Self Report)

0.000***

1.41

0.000***

0.000***

0.398

0.000***

Internalizing Symptoms (W3 ASR/ABCL Mom/Self Report)

0.000***

1.23

0.000***

0.000***

0.317

0.000***

Maternal Psychopathology (W3 BDI-II)

0.046*

0.54

0.093

0.008**

0.053

0.010*

Maternal Parenting Stress due to Dysfunctional Interactions (W3 PSI-PCDI)

0.496

0.17

0.46

0.016*

0.043

0.003**

  1. BPD: Borderline Personality Disorder, W1: Wave 1, SNAP: Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire, HI: Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, IA: Inattention, RCFT: Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Task, CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist, CSBS: Children’s Social Behavior Scale, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory, PSI: Parenting Stress Index, PCDI: Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interactions, ACEs: Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, W4: Wave 4, W3: Wave 3, ASR: Adult Self-Report, ABCL: Adult Behavior Checklist, BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II
  2. 1Covariates: Race, Family SES at Wave 1; Participant age at Wave 4
  3. *Correlation significant at 0.05 level
  4. **Correlation significant at 0.01 level
  5. ***Correlation significant at 0.001 level