Table 4 Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression mental illness among adult holy water users at Amhara regional state Orthodox Tewahido churches, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 382)

Residence

Rural

151

95

1.33 (0.87–2.04)

1.17 (0.70–1.97)

0.552

Urban

74

62

1

Social support

Poor

63

27

3.24(1.810–5.792)

2.45 (1.22–4.94)

0.012

Moderate

113

62

2.53 (1.564–4.089)

2.65 (1.50–4.66)

0.001

Strong

49

68

1

1

Occupational status

Employed

63

67

1

1

Unemployed

162

90

1.91 (1.246–2.942)

1.71 (1.002–2.92)

0.049

Ever use of more than one substance

No

150

131

1

1

Yes

75

26

2.52 (1.52–4.17)

2.24 (1.22–4.13)

0.009

History of mental illness

Yes

129

58

2.29 (1.51–3.48)

2.17 (1.35–3.47)

0.001

No

96

99

1

Marital status

Single

48

38

1.02 (0.578–1.79)

1.56 (0.78–3.12)

0.208

Separated

115

69

1.34 (0.83–2.12)

1.34 (0.80–2.31)

0.261

Married

62

50

1

Current alcohol use

Never

25

23

1

1

twice monthly,

58

18

1.68 (0.65–4.34)

1.76 (0.58–5.31)

0.319

Weekly

122

106

1.02 (0.55–1.89)

1.09 (0.55–2.14)

0.808

Daily

19

10

2.85 (1.32–6.16)

2.69 (1.15–6.32)

0.023

Comorbidity

Yes

60

32

1.42 (0.87–2.31)

0.83 (0.467–1.48)

0.527

No

165

125

1