Table 1 Adverse childhood experience between “risky drinking” and “non-risky” drinking groups among adult children of alcoholics

Sex***

 Male

24(45.3%)

14(14.4%)

17.244

 < 0.001

 Female

29(54.7%)

83(85.6%)

Age

30.79 ± 5.627

28.9 ± 6.015

-1.901

.057

Race

 Han

49(92.5%)

93(95.9%)

.769

.454

 Others

4(7.5%)

4(4.1%)

Education

1.234

.523

 Middle school/ Technical school

2(3.8%)

8(8.2%)

 College and University

32(60.4%)

53(54.6%)

 Master and above

19(35.8%)

36(37.1%)

Occupation

.743

.435

 Formal job

45(84.9%)

87(89.7%)

 No formal job

8(15.1%)

10(10.3%)

Income (RMB)

4.230

.057

 < 5000

17(32.1%)

48(49.5%)

 ≥ 5000

36(67.9%)

49(50.5%)

Marriage

2.422

.546

 Single or divorced

36(68.0%)

64(66.0%)

 Married

17(32.1%)

33(34.0%)

Attitude to father’s drinking

5.682

.061

 Accept

17(32.1%)

15(15.5%)

 Object

32(60.4%)

74(76.3%)

 Neutral

4(7.5%)

8(8.2%)

Attitude to self-drinking***

24.382

 < 0.001

 Enjoy

20(37.7%)

6(6.2%)

 Neutral

25(42.7%)

62(63.9%)

 Hate

8(15.1%)

29(29.9%)

Feel shame of father’s drinking

3.797

.159

 Yes

12(22.6%)

37(38.1%)

 No

23(43.4%)

35(36.1%)

 Neutral

18(34.0%)

25(25.8%)

Knowledge about AA Group

.085

.865

 Nearly nothing

27(50.9%)

47(48.5%)

 Know it

26(49.1%)

50(51.5%)

Knowledge about Al-Anon Group

.383

.565

 Nearly nothing

47(88.7%)

89(91.8%)

 Know it

6(11.3%)

8(8.2%)

Adverse Childhood Experience

 Emotional neglect

13(24.5%)

29(29.9%)

.490

.570

 Physical neglect

38(71.7%)

57(58.8%)

2.469

.156

 Emotional abuse

45(84.9%)

77(79.4%)

.689

.510

 Physical abuse*

40(75.5%)

53(54.6%)

6.313

 < 0.05

 Sexual abuse

21(39.6%)

43(44.3%)

.310

.608

 Household member treated violently

49(92.5%)

91(93.8%)

.102

.743

 Community violence***

50(94.3%)

58(59.8%)

20.289

 < 0.001

 Collective violence**

10(18.9%)

4(4.1%)

7.149

 < 0.01

 Incarcerated household member

4(7.5%)

8(8.2%)

.000

1.000

 Bullying

32(60.4%)

42(43.3%)

3.999

.060

 Someone chronically depressed, mentally ill, institutionalized or suicidal

12(22.6%)

21(21.6%)

.020

.889

 Parental separation

20(37.7%)

32(33.0%)

.341

.559

 No parent

6(11.3%)

10(10.3%)

.037

.848

 Patterns of ACEs (%)

26.649

.063

 0

0(0%)

0(0%)

 1

0(0%)

3(3.1%)

 2

0(0%)

1(1.0%)

 3

1(1.9%)

2(2.1%)

 4 and above

96(98.1%)

47(93.8%)

Comorbidities

 HAMA

.832

.425

  < 14

38(71.7%)

76(78.4%)

  ≥ 14

15(28.3%)

21(21.6%)

 HAMD-17*

5.867

 < 0.05

  < 17

33(62.3%)

78(80.4%)

  ≥ 17

20(37.7%)

19(19.6%)

MINI

 Current Major Depressive Episode*

20(37.7%)

21(21.6%)

4.465

 < 0.05

 Past Major Depressive Episode

34(64.2%)

48(49.5%)

2.975

.090

 Dysthymia

15(28.3%)

17(17.5%)

2.372

.146

 Current suicide idea or attempt

11(20.8%)

12(12.4%)

1.856

.235

 Past suicidal attempt

15(28.3%)

19(19.6%)

1.485

.308

 Current (Hypo)Manic Episode

0(0%)

1(1.0%)

.550

1.000

 Past (Hypo)Manic Episode

10(18.9%)

7(7.2%)

4.630

.056

 Current Panic Disorder

4(7.5%)

6(6.2%)

.102

.743

 Past Panic Disorder

12(22.6%)

12(12.4%)

2.690

.109

 Agoraphobia

8(15.1%)

7(7.2%)

2.363

.156

 Current Social Phobia

10(18.9%)

11(11.3%)

1.613

.225

 Current Obsessive–compulsive Disorder

7(13.2%)

7(7.2%)

1.454

.250

 Past PTSD

4(7.5%)

5(5.2%)

.348

.721

 Non-alcohol Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder**

10(18.9%)

4(4.1%)

8.805

 < 0.01

 Psychotic disorder

6(11.3%)

6(6.2%)

1.228

.347

 Anorexia Nervosa

5(9.4%)

5(5.2%)

1.009

.495

 Bulimia Nervosa*

11(20.8%)

6(6.2%)

7.239

 < 0.05

 Generalized Anxiety Disorder

15(28.3%)

24(24.7%)

.226

.698

 Antisocial Personality Disorder

2(3.8%)

1(1.0%)

1.315?

.285