Table 2 Specific ACE items compared between different groups
Itemsa | Frequencyb | Risky Drinking Group | Non-risky Drinking Group | χ2/ Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotional Neglect | |||||
1.1 Did your parents/guardians understand your problems and worries? | 6.195 | 0.185 | |||
never-0 | 7(13.2%) | 22(22.7%) | |||
Rarely-1 | 19(35.80%) | 22(22.70%) | |||
Sometimes-2 | 16(30.20%) | 28(28.90%) | |||
Most of the time-3 | 9(17%) | 14(14.40%) | |||
Always-4 | 2(3.80%) | 11(11.30%) | |||
1.2 Did your parents/guardians really know what you were doing with your free time when you were not at school or work? | 0.687 | 0.953 | |||
never-0 | 10(18.90%) | 15(15.50%) | |||
Rarely-1 | 15(28.30%) | 25(25.80%) | |||
Sometimes-2 | 12(22.60%) | 26(26.80%) | |||
Most of the time-3 | 8(15.10%) | 14(14.40%) | |||
Always-4 | 8(15.10%) | 17(17.50%) | |||
Physical Neglect | |||||
2.1 How often did your parents/guardians not give you enough food even when they could easily have done so? | 3.416 | 0.332 | |||
Never-0 | 48(90.60%) | 93(95.90%) | |||
Once-1 | 1(1.90%) | 1(1.00%) | |||
A few times-2 | 4(7.50%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 1(1%) | |||
2.2 Were your parents/guardians too drunk or intoxicated by drugs to take care of you? | 3.496 | 0.350 | |||
Never-0 | 16(30.20%) | 40(41.20%) | |||
Once-1 | 1(1.90%) | 4(4.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 13(24.50%) | 17(17.50%) | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 1(1%) | |||
2.3 How often did your parents /guardians not send you to school even when it was available? | 0.557 | 0.757 | |||
Never-0 | 52(98.10%) | 94(96.90%) | |||
Once-1 | 1(1.90%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 0.00% | 2(1.00%) | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 0 | |||
Domestic Violence | |||||
3.6 Did you see or hear a parent or household member in your home being yelled at, screamed at, sworn at, insulted or humiliated? | 2.784 | 0.595 | |||
Never-0 | 6(11.30%) | 8(8.20%) | |||
Once-1 | 0 | 2(2.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 13(24.50%) | 25(25.80%) | |||
Many times-3 | 32(60.40%) | 61(62.90%) | |||
3.7 Did you see or hear a parent or household member in your home being slapped, kicked? | 2.149 | 0.708 | |||
Never-0 | 18(34.00%) | 38.10% | |||
Once-1 | 6(11.30%) | 9(9.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 19(35.80%) | 34(35.10%) | |||
Many times-3 | 9(17%) | 18(19.40%) | |||
3.8 Did you see or hear a parent or household member in your home being hit or cut with an object, such as a stick (or cane), bottle, club, knife, whip etc.? | 6.319 | 0.097 | |||
Never-0 | 34(64.20%) | 73(75.30%) | |||
Once-1 | 6(11.30%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 8(15.10%) | 12(12.40%) | |||
Many times-3 | 5(9.40%) | 10(10.30%) | |||
Emotional Abuse | |||||
4.1 Did a parent, guardian or other household member yell, scream or swear at you, insult or humiliate you? | 3.658 | 0.301 | |||
Never-0 | 8(15.10%) | 23(23.70%) | |||
Once-1 | 1(1.90%) | 6(6.20%) | |||
A few times-2 | 23(43.40%) | 32(33.00%) | |||
Many times-3 | 21(39.60%) | 36(37.10%) | |||
4.2 Did a parent, guardian or other household member threaten to, or actually, abandon you or throw you out of the house? | 3.384 | 0.336 | |||
Never-0 | 33(62.30%) | 69(71.10%) | |||
Once-1 | 3(5.70%) | 6(6.20%) | |||
A few times-2 | 12(22.60%) | 11(11.30%) | |||
Many times-3 | 5(9.40%) | 11(11.30%) | |||
Physical Abuse | |||||
4.3 Did a parent, guardian or other household member spank, slap, kick, punch or beat you up? | 8.659 | < 0.05 | |||
Never-0 | 13(24.50%) | 44(45.40%) | |||
Once-1 | 8(15.10%) | 10(10.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 17(32.10%) | 30(30.90%) | |||
Many times-3 | 15(28.30%) | 13(13.40%) | |||
4.4 Did a parent, guardian or other household member hit or cut you with an object, such as a stick (or cane), bottle, club, knife, whip, etc.? | 7.934 | < 0.05 | |||
Never-0 | 41(77.40%) | 77(79.40%) | |||
Once-1 | 0 | 7(7.20%) | |||
A few times-2 | 7(13.20%) | 11(11.30%) | |||
Many times-3 | 5(9.40%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
Sexual Abuse | |||||
4.5 Did someone touch or fondle you in a sexual way when you did not want them to? | 3.068 | 0.547 | |||
Never-0 | 41(77.40%) | 69(71.10%) | |||
Once-1 | 5(9.40%) | 11(11.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 5(9.40%) | 15(15.50%) | |||
Many times-3 | 2(3.80%) | 1(1.00%) | |||
4.6 Did someone make you touch their body in a body in a sexual way when you did not want them to? | 2.990 | 0.560 | |||
Never-0 | 47(88.70%) | 90(92.80%) | |||
Once-1 | 3(5.70%) | 4(4.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 2(3.80%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
Many times-3 | 1(1%) | 1(0.70%) | |||
4.7 Did someone attempt oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with you when you did not want them to? | 0.928 | 0.819 | |||
Never-0 | 51(96.20%) | 92(94.80%) | |||
Once-1 | 1(1.90%) | 3(3.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 1(1.90%) | 1(1.00%) | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 1(1%) | |||
4.8 Did someone actually have oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with you when you did not want them to? | 1.286 | 0.732 | |||
Never-0 | 52(98.10%) | 94(96.90%) | |||
Once-1 | 0.00% | 1(1.00%) | |||
A few times-2 | 0.00% | 1(1.00%) | |||
Refused | 1(1.90%) | 1(1%) | |||
Bullying | |||||
5.1 How often were you bullied? | 4.280 | 0.369 | |||
Never-0 | 21(39.60%) | 55(56.70%) | |||
Once-1 | 8(15.10%) | 9(9.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 18(34%) | 24(24.70%) | |||
Many times-3 | 5(9.40%) | 8(8.20%) | |||
Community Violence | |||||
6.1 Did you see or hear someone being beaten up in real life? | 20.492 | — | |||
Never-0 | 6(11.30%) | 42(43.30%) | |||
Once-1 | 5(9.40%) | 12(12.40%) | |||
A few times-2 | 29(54.70%) | 35(36.10%) | |||
Many times-3 | 13(24.50%) | 8(8.20%) | |||
6.2 Did you see or hear someone being stabbed or shot in real life? | 17.310 | 0.001 | |||
Never-0 | 30(56.60%) | 80(82.50%) | |||
Once-1 | 6(11.30%) | 10(10.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 15(28.30%) | 5(5.20%) | |||
Many times-3 | 2(3.80%) | 2(2.10%) | |||
6.3 Did you see or hear someone being threatened with a knife or gun in real life? | 18.609 | — | |||
Never-0 | 27(50.90%) | 78(80.40%) | |||
Once-1 | 5(9.40%) | 9(9.30%) | |||
A few times-2 | 18(34%) | 9(9.30%) | |||
Many times-3 | 3(5.70%) | 1(1%) | |||
Collective Violence | |||||
7.1 Were you forced to go and live in another place due to any of these events? | 4.402 | 0.111 | |||
Never-0 | 50(94.30%) | 93(95.90%) | |||
Once-1 | 0 | 3(3.10%) | |||
A few times-2 | 3(5.70%) | 1(1%) | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 0 | |||
7.2 Did you experience the deliberate destruction of your home due to any of these events? | 7.521 | < 0.05 | |||
Never-0 | 49(92.50%) | 97(100%) | |||
Once-1 | 3(5.70%) | 0 | |||
A few times-2 | 1(1.80%) | 0 | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 0 | |||
7.3 Were you beaten up by soldiers, police, militia, or gangs? | 5.603 | 0.061 | |||
Never-0 | 50(94.30%) | 97(100%) | |||
Once-1 | 2(3.80%) | 0 | |||
A few times-2 | 1(1.90%) | 0 | |||
Many times-3 | 0 | 0 | |||
7.4 Was a family member or friend killed or beaten up by soldiers, police, militia, or gangs? | 7.521 | 0.057 | |||
Never-0 | 49(92.50%) | 97(100%) | |||
Once-1 | 2(3.80%) | 0 | |||
A few times-2 | 1(1.90%) | 0 | |||
Many times-3 | 1(1.90%) | 0 | |||