Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Sociodemographic

 Age (years) (mean ± s.d.)

33.29 ± 10.71

36.48 ± 15.73

0.584

 Education (years) (mean ± s.d.)

14.05 ± 3.41

12.92 ± 3.26

0.492

Lifestyle and health indicators

 Smoking status (%)

0.546

  Non smoker

70.07

67.96

  Current smoker

29.93

32.04

 Alcohol use (%)

12.41

18.70

0.054

 Body mass index (%)

0.037

  Normal

67.15

59.47

  Overweight

23.36

30.10

  Obesity

9.49

10.43

Clinical characteristics

 Duration (month) (mean ± s.d.)

-

36.47 ± 31.72

 Age of onset (years) (mean ± s.d.)

-

29.34 ± 13.52

 Comorbid anxiety (%)

-

41.01

 Antidepressant use (%)

  No antidepressant

-

72.33

   SSRI

-

10.68

   SNRI

-

12.62

   TCA

-

4.37

Severity of depression

 Mild

-

29.61

 Moderate

-

51.21

 Severe

-

19.18

Testosterone (T, ng/ml)

439.53 ± 136.08

331.64 ± 149.37

< 0.001

Estradiol (E, pg/ml)

31.08 ± 10.34

29.34 ± 11.82

0.367

T/E ratio

16.32 ± 5.94

12.17 ± 5.62

< 0.001

FT3 (pg/ml)

3.48 ± 0.31

3.24 ± 0.39

0.006

FT4 (ng/ml)

1.24 ± 0.13

1.26 ± 0.23

0.426

TSH (μIU/ml)

2.28 ± 0.88

1.71 ± 0.96

< 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/l)

0.38 ± 0.36

1.16 ± 3.06

0.009

TC (mmol/l)

4.11 ± 0.79

4.23 ± 0.83

0.392

TG (mmol/l)

1.16 ± 0.49

1.51 ± 0.57

< 0.001

HDL (mmol/l)

1.28 ± 0.26

1.16 ± 0.24

0.024

LDL (mmol/l)

2.24 ± 0.62

2.31 ± 0.71

0.604

TNC (ng/ml)

6.92 ± 2.87

11.79 ± 6.06

< 0.001

GDF15 (pg/ml)

52.22 ± 42.86

74.60 ± 64.37

< 0.001

KLF4 (pg/ml)

23.51 ± 13.86

13.12 ± 6.84

< 0.001

Gas6 (ng/ml)

6.07 ± 3.12

4.88 ± 2.43

0.019

sgp130 (ng/ml)

14.04 ± 4.13

13.54 ± 4.39

0.297