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Table 1 General characteristics of the participants included in the study

From: Accuracy of the Arabic HCL - 32 and MDQ in detecting patients with bipolar disorder

 

MDD

BD-I

BD-II

Healthy Controls

 
 

N = 86

N = 22

N = 37

N = 281

 

Sex

    

χ2 = 4.52; df = 3; p = 0.21

 Men

30 (35%)

13 (59%)

16 (43%)

110 (39%)

 Women

56 (65%)

9 (41%)

21 (57%)

171 (61%)

Age

42 (11)

42 (9)

41 (9)

38 (13)

F[3;421] = 2.85; p = 0.037

Education

    

χ2 = 12.03; df = 9; p = 0.21

 College or University

39 (45%)

8 (36%)

17 (46%)

102 (55%)

Age of onset of psychopathology

35 (12)

35 (10)

31 (10)

–

F[2;142] = 1.34; p = 0.26

Family history of depression

26 (31%)

6 (27%)

21 (57%)

–

χ2 = 8.40; df = 2; p = 0.015

Family history of bipolar disorder

4 (5%)

6 (27%)

9 (24%)

–

χ2 = 12.9; df = 2; p = 0.002

Suicide attempt

14 (16%)

12 (54%)

11 (30%)

–

χ2 = 14.03; df = 2; p = 0.001

Admission to psychiatric services

16 (18%)

11 (50%)

10 (27%)

–

χ2 = 9.14; df = 2; p = 0.010

Received a prescription of antidepressants

70 (84%)

19 (86%)

33 (89%)

–

χ2 = 0.73; df = 2; p = 0.69

Received a prescription of a second-generation antipsychotic

9 (10%)

3 (13%)

4 (11%)

 

Freeman-Halton extension of Fisher’s exact test: p = 0.93

Received a prescription of lithium

0 (0%)

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

–

Freeman-Halton extension of Fisher’s exact test: p = 0.026

  1. Data were expressed as counts and percentages within brackets or as mean and standard deviation within brackets