Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of pED presentations
2019 pre-Covid-19 period | 2020 1st wave of Covid-19 | difference between abs. numbers | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
cases (% of all cases in time period)) | cases (% of all cases in time period)) | % | ||
N total number of presentations | 894 | 813 | −9.1 | |
Mean of weekly pED presentations (SD) | 74.50 (6.16) | 67.75 (10.14) | −9.1 | p = 0.064 |
Median age | 39 years | 39.5 years | + 1.3 | p = 0.077 |
Female gender | 383 (42.8) | 311 (38.3) | −18.8 | p = 0.055 |
Homeless | 86 (9.6) | 91 (11.2) | + 5.8 | p = 0.287 |
Covid-19 high-risk group | 231 (25.8) | 224 (27.6) | −3.0 | p = 0.424 |
Provenance (a) | p = 0.017 | |||
Berlin, within SHK catchment area | 509 (56.9) | 517 (63.9) | + 1.6 | |
Berlin, outside SHK catchment area | 320 (35.8) | 235 (29.0) | −26.6 | |
Not Berlin, but in Germany | 56 (6.3) | 52 (6.4) | −7.1 | |
Residency outside Germany | 9 (1.0) | 5 (0.6) | −44.4 | |
No information available | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.5) | – | |
Mode of attendance | p = 0.001 | |||
In police custody | 146 (16.3) | 166 (20.4) | + 13.7 | |
Redirected from other hospital | 85 (9.5) | 113 (13.9) | + 32.9 | |
Self-referring | 307 (34.3) | 258 (31.7) | −16.0 | |
With family/friends | 135 (15.1) | 83 (10.2) | −38.5 | |
With legal guardian/social worker | 27 (3.0) | 24 (3.0) | −11.1 | |
Ambulance/paramedics | 194 (21.7) | 168 (20.8) | −13.4 | |
Diagnostic categories | ||||
Organic mental disorders | 48 (5.4) | 40 (4.9) | −16.7 | p = 0.675 |
Substance use disorders | 416 (46.5) | 405 (49.8) | −2.6 | p = 0.175 |
Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (SPD) | 288 (32.2) | 282 (34.7) | −2.1 | p = 0.280 |
Paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0) | 115 (12.9) | 137 (16.9) | + 19.1 | p = 0.020 |
Other SPD | 173 (19.4) | 145 (17.8) | −16.2 | p = 0.422 |
Bipolar and manic disorders | 48 (5.4) | 58 (7.1) | + 20.8 | p = 0.131 |
Depressive disorders (DD) | 143 (16.0) | 101 (12.4) | −29.4 | p = 0.035 |
Severe depression (F32.2, F32.3, F33.2, F33.3) | 59 (6.6) | 38 (4.7) | −35.6 | p = 0.086 |
Other DD | 84 (9.4) | 63 (7.7) | −25.0 | p = 0.226 |
Neurotic-, somatoform- and stress-related disorders (NSSD) | 156 (17.4) | 143 (17.6) | −8.3 | p = 0.940 |
Personality disorders (PD) | 132 (14.8) | 79 (9.7) | −40.2 | p = 0.002 |
Discharge/admission | p = 0.080 | |||
Discharge | 457 (51.1) | 450 (55.4) | −1.5 | |
Hospital admission (admission rate) | 437 (48.9) | 363 (44.6) | −16.9 | |
Bed capacity (%) | 97.19 | 65.27 | −32.8 | p < 0.001 |
Admissions, rate (%) - OMD | 34 (70.8) | 25 (62.5) | −26.5 | p = 0.408 |
Admissions, rate (%) - SUD | 238 (57.2) | 202 (49.9) | −15.1 | p = 0.035 |
Admissions, rate (%) - SPD | 180 (62.5) | 151 (53.5) | −16.1 | p = 0.030 |
Admissions, rate (%) - F20.0 | 77 (67.0) | 68 (49.6) | −11.7 | p = 0.006 |
Admissions, rate (%) - BMD | 32 (66.7) | 39 (67.2) | + 21.9 | p = 0.950 |
Admissions, rate (%) - DD | 61 (42.7) | 42 (41.6) | −31.1 | p = 0.867 |
Admissions, rate (%) - F32.2, F32.3, F33.2, F33.3 | 31 (52.5) | 20 (52.6) | −35.5 | p = 0.993 |
Admissions, rate (%) - NSSD | 47 (30.1) | 37 (25.9) | −21.3 | p = 0.414 |
Admissions, rate (%) -PD | 65 (49.2) | 38 (48.1) | −41.5 | p = 0.872 |
Median length of admission - all cases | 10 days | 8 days | −20.0 | p = 0.007 |
Legal status of admission | p = 0.700 | |||
Voluntary | 815 (91.2) | 739 (91.7) | −9.3 | |
Involuntary | 79 (8.8) | 67 (8.3) | −15.2 |