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Table 1 Study characteristics of studies included in the systematic review

From: Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions for maternal perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

MDD Ax Yes/No (method)

Depression severity at baseline m

Participant ethnicity n, %

Sample n

Recruitment setting

Control condition

Depression outcome measure, time points

Country

LMIC Country m

Alhusen et al. [87]

No

Moderate

African American 54, 90.0%

60

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 3 MFU

USA

No

White 6, 10.0%

Ammerman et al. [88]

Yes (SCID)

Severe

Race

93

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 3 MFU

USA

No

White 58, 62.4%

African American 30, 32.3%

Native American 1, 1.1%

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 2, 2.2%

Bi-racial 2, 2.2%

Ethnicity

Latina 7, 7.5%

None 86, 92.5%

Burns et al. [89]

Yes (CIS-R)

Moderate

Ethnicity

36

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 4 MFU

UK

No

White 30, 83.3%

Dimidjian et al. [90]

No

Moderate

Race

163

Clinical

TAU

PHQ-9, PI

USA

No

White 95, 58.3%

Black 45, 27.6%

Asian 7, 4.3%

Other 16, 9.8%

Hispanic ethnicity

25, 15.3%

Forsell et al. [91]

Yes (SCID)

Moderate

NI

42

Mixed

TAU

MADRS-S, PI

Sweden

No

Fuhr et al. [92]

No

Moderate

NI

280

Clinical

Enhanced TAU

PHQ-9, PI, 3 MFU

India

Yes

Honey et al. [85]

No

Moderate

NI

45

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 6 MFU

UK

No

Hughes et al. [32]

Yes (SCID) CO

Moderate

White 14, 20.0%

70

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 3 MFU

USA

No

Black 10, 14.3%

Hispanic 41, 58.6%

Other 5, 7.1%

Khamseh et al. [83]

No

Mild

NI

70

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI, 1 MFU

Iran

Yes

Lund et al. [93]

Yes (MINI)

Mild

NI

425

Clinical

Enhanced TAU

HDRS, PI, 9 MFU

South Africa

Yes

McKee et al. [86]a

No

Moderate

Black 81, 43.3%

187

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI

USA

No

Hispanic 106, 56.7%

Meager & Milgrom, [84]a

No

Severe

Australian born 16, 80.0%

20

Clinical

WLC

EPDS, PI

Australia

No

From Ireland, Scotland and the United Kingdom 4, 20.0%

Milgrom et al. [94]

Yes (CIDI) screening

Moderate

NI

192

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI

Australia

No

Milgrom et al. [73]

No

Moderate

Born in Australia 56, 82.4%

68

Clinical

Enhanced TAU

BDI-II, PI

Australia

No

Milgrom et al. [95] A

Yes (SCID) screening

Severe

Born in Australia 42, 77.8%

54

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI, 11 MFU

Australia

No

Milgrom et al., [96] B

Yes (CIDI) screening

Severe

NI

45

Clinical

AC

BDI-II, PI, 3 MFU

Australia

No

Milgrom et al., [97]

Yes (SCID)

Moderate

Born in Australia 39, 90.7%

43

Mixed

TAU

BDI-II, PI

Australia

No

Misri et al. [98]

No

Moderate

White 22, 62.9%

35

Clinical

AC

EPDS, PI

Canada

No

South Asian 5, 14.3%

First Nations 3, 8.6%

Mexican 1, 2.9%

Spanish 1, 2.9%

Indo-Canadian 1, 2.9%

Italian 1, 2.9%

South American 1, 2.9%

Morrell et al. [99]

No

Unknown

White British 390, 93.3%

418

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI

UK

No

Nasiri et al. [100]

No

Moderate

NI

120

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI

Iran

Yes

Ngai et al. [101]a

No

NI

NI

397

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI, 6 MFU

Hong Kong

No

O’Mahen et al. [102]A

Yes (SCID) screening

Moderate

African American 32, 58.2%

55

Clinical

TAU

BDI-II, PI, 3 MFU

USA

No

White 17, 30.9%

Asian 4, 7.3%

Other 2, 3.6%

O’Mahen et al. [103]B

No

Severe

NI

910

Internet

TAU

EPDS, PI

UK

No

O’Mahen et al. [104]

Yes (CIS-R) screening

Severe

White/British 77, 92.8%

83

Internet

TAU

EPDS, PI, 6 MFU

UK

No

Asian 1, 1.2%

Mixed white/African/Caribbean 2, 2.4%

African 1, 1.2%

Other 2, 2.4%

Pugh et al. [105]

YES (MINI) screening only

Moderate

Caucasian 45, 95.7%

47

Mixed

WLC

EPDS, PI

Canada

No

Other 2, 4.3%

Rojas et al. [106]

YES (MINI) screening

Moderate

NI

230

Clinical

Enhanced TAU

EPDS, PI, 3 MFU

Chile

No

Sikander et al. [107]

No

Moderate

NI

570

Community

Enhanced TAU

PHQ-9, PI, 3 MFU

Pakistan

Yes

Trevillion et al. [108]

YES (SCID)

NI

White 35, 66.0%

53

Mixed

TAU

EPDS, PI, 3 MFU

UK

No

Black: 14, 26.4%

Asian: 1, 1.9%

Mixed/Other: 3, 5.7%

Van Lieshout et al. [109]

No

Moderate

White 291, 72.2%

403

Mixed

TAU

EPDS, PI

Canada

No

Wiklund et al. [110]a

No

Moderate

Born in Sweden 61, 91.0%

67

Clinical

TAU

EPDS, PI

Sweden

No

Wozney et al. [111]a

Yes (SCID)

Moderate

NI

62

Mixed

TAU

EPDS, PI, 6 & 12 MFU

Canada

No

  1. Abbreviations: AC Active Control, Ax Assessment, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition, CIDI The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIS-R Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases 10; MADRS-S: Montgomery Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD: Major Depressive Disorder; MFU: Month Follow Up; MINI: The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; NI: No information; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionniare-9; PI: Post Intervention; SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; TAU: Treatment As Usual; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America; WLC: Waiting List Control
  2. adenotes included in systematic review only; m denotes moderator; & n: number of participants in the study