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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, care utilization, and adherence by cohort

From: The impact of antipsychotic adherence on acute care utilization

 

Neither Bipolar Disorder Nor Schizophrenia (n = 618)

Bipolar Disorder (n = 795)

Schizophrenia (n = 577)

P-value

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Mean Age (SD)

53.9 (16.7)

45.3 (13.7)

44.5 (15.3)

 < 0.001

Male

229 (37.1)

247 (31.1)

288 (49.9)

 < 0.001

Medicaid Coverage

313 (50.6)

467 (58.7)

302 (52.3)

0.005

Medicare Coverage

234 (37.9)

184 (23.1)

174 (30.2)

 < 0.001

Diabetes

193 (31.2)

200 (25.2)

145 (25.1)

0.018

Congestive Heart Failure

72 (11.7)

51 (6.4)

25 (4.3)

 < 0.001

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

56 (9.1)

50 (6.3)

21 (3.6)

0.001

Hypertension

354 (57.3)

362 (45.5)

224 (38.8)

 < 0.001

Myocardial Infarction

13 (2.1)

7 (0.9)

7 (1.2)

0.135

Cerebrovascular Disease

57 (9.2)

25 (3.1)

17 (3.0)

 < 0.001

COPD

105 (17.0)

131 (16.5)

73 (12.7)

0.075

Depression

354 (57.3)

369 (46.4)

196 (34.0)

 < 0.001

Cancer

73 (11.8)

41 (5.2)

19 (3.3)

 < 0.001

Anxiety

216 (35.0)

380 (47.8)

164 (28.4)

 < 0.001

Dementia

63 (10.2)

11 (1.4)

9 (1.6)

 < 0.001

Alcohol Abuse

44 (7.1)

121 (15.2)

76 (13.2)

 < 0.001

Substance Abuse

192 (31.1)

303 (38.1)

225 (39.0)

0.006

Any ED Visit

    

0 – 6 Months

249 (40.3)

370 (46.5)

284 (49.2)

0.006

6 -12 Months

198 (32.0)

327 (41.1)

247 (42.8)

 < 0.001

Prior Year

313 (50.7)

504 (63.4)

372 (64.5)

 < 0.001

Any Mental Health ED Visit

 0 – 6 Months

30 (4.8)

91 (11.4)

102 (17.7)

 < 0.001

 6 -12 Months

18 (2.9)

58 (7.3)

75 (13.0)

 < 0.001

Any Inpatient Admission

 0 – 6 Months

213 (34.5)

204 (25.7)

166 (28.9)

0.001

 6 -12 Months

150 (24.3)

169 (21.3)

113 (19.6)

0.134

 Prior Year

258 (41.8)

304 (38.2)

222 (38.5)

0.353

Any Mental Health Inpatient Admission

 0 – 6 Months

94 (15.2)

145 (18.2)

135 (23.4)

0.001

 6 -12 Months

63 (10.2)

113 (14.2)

88 (15.3)

0.022

Adherence 0 – 180 days

   

0.816

 PDC < 0.50

115 (18.6)

138 (17.4)

95 (16.5)

 

 PDC 0.50 – 0.79

192 (31.1)

240 (30.2)

173 (30.0)

 

 PDC 0.80 + 

311 (50.3)

417 (52.4)

309 (53.6)

 

Adherence/Switch Categories

   

 < 0.001

 No Switch & Adherence < 0.5

56 (9.1)

62 (7.8)

37 (6.4)

 

 No Switch & Adherence 0.5 – 0.79

129 (20.9)

153 (19.2)

93 (16.1)

 

 No Switch &Adherence ≥ 0.8

263 (42.6)

335 (42.1)

230 (39.9)

 

 Switch & Adherence < 0.5

4 (0.7)

18 (2.3)

12 (2.1)

 

 Switch & Adherence 0.5 – 0.79

14 (2.3)

43 (5.4)

52 (9.0)

 

 Switch & Adherence ≥ 0.8

28 (4.5)

64 (8.1)

66 (11.4)

 

 Stop

124 (20.1)

120 (15.1)

87 (15.1)

 

Weight Change

 7% Weight Gain

96 (15.5)

137 (17.2)

128 (22.2)

0.008

  1. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ED emergency department, PDC proportion of days covered, SD standard deviation