Table 1 Participants characteristics and differences in participants’ aggression, negative life events, resilience and self-esteem [M(SD)]
Variable | N (%) | Aggression | t / F | P | Negative life events | t / F | P | Resilience | t / F | P | Self-esteem | t / F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||||||||
 Male | 675 (52.16) | 81.50 (24.51) | t = 1.789 | 0.074 | 46.17 (23.58) | t = −0.329 | 0.742 | 89.02 (13.91) | t = 0.241 | 0.810 | 27.70 (5.31) | t = − 0.192 | 0.847 |
 Female | 619 (47.84) | 79.16 (22.60) | 46.61 (24.58) | 88.83 (14.50) | 27.76 (5.04) | ||||||||
Grade | |||||||||||||
 Seventh grade | 437 (33.77) | 78.13 (23.93) | F = 3.980 | 0.019* | 46.73 (25.10) | F = 0.112 | 0.894 | 89.02 (14.88) | F = 0.105 | 0.986 | 27.39 (5.39) | F = 1.706 | 0.182 |
 Eighth grade | 458 (35.39) | 80.48 (24.49) | 45.98 (22.37) | 88.91 (13.01) | 27.86 (4.86) | ||||||||
 Ninth grade | 399 (30.84) | 82.73 (22.03) | 46.47 (24.79) | 88.86 (14.72) | 28.01 (5.28) | ||||||||
Annual income surplus (in RMB) | |||||||||||||
 <10,000 | 189 (14.61) | 80.06 (24.08) | F = 2.837 | 0.037* | 50.24 (25.36) | F = 1.908 | 0.126 | 87.97 (15.14) | F = 8.846 | 0.000** | 27.69 (5.16) | F = 1.726 | 0.160 |
 10,000-20,000 | 194 (14.99) | 76.13 (21.86) | 45.77 (25.26) | 92.59 (15.93) | 28.13 (6.05) | ||||||||
 >20,000 | 184 (14.22) | 80.12 (24.79) | 45.96 (21.89) | 91.41 (13.84) | 28.32 (5.06) | ||||||||
 Unclear | 727 (56.18) | 81.66 (23.55) | 45.65 (23.86) | 87.58 (13.27) | 27.48 (4.95) | ||||||||
Source of income | |||||||||||||
 Agriculture | 111 (8.58) | 78.42 (23.07) | F = 0.656 | 0.579 | 45.65 (24.93) | F = 3.566 | 0.014* | 88.44 (13.37) | F = 2.133 | 0.094 | 28.80 (5.26) | F = 7.795 | 0.000** |
 Business | 189 (14.61) | 81.02 (27.01) | 44.08 (24.98) | 91.34 (15.69) | 29.08 (5.35) | ||||||||
 Out-migrant for work | 803 (62.05) | 80.85 (22.88) | 47.98 (24.06) | 88.54 (13.90) | 27.35 (5.03) | ||||||||
 Others | 191 (14.76) | 78.90 (23.43) | 42.38 (22.02) | 88.47 (14.13) | 27.36 (5.28) | ||||||||
Only one child | |||||||||||||
 Yes | 202 (15.61) | 79.13 (27.25) | t = −0.817 | 0.414 | 46.58 (25.79) | t = 0.130 | 0.897 | 89.84 (14.09) | t = 0.988 | 0.324 | 28.09 (5.09) | t = 1.077 | 0.282 |
 No | 1092 (84.39) | 80.61 (22.89) | 46.35 (23.73) | 88.76 (14.20) | 27.66 (5.19) | ||||||||