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Table 3 The direct, indirect, total effects and serial mediation paths in the relationships between CM and depressive symptoms

From: Childhood maltreatment and subsequent depressive symptoms: a prospective study of the sequential mediating role of self-esteem and internalizing/externalizing problems

 

Overall

 

Male

 

Female

β

SE

95% CI*

 

β

SE

95% CI*

 

β

SE

95% CI*

Internalizing problems as mediator 2

        

Total Effect

0.113

0.024

0.067 to 0.159

 

0.124

0.031

0.064 to 0.185

 

0.094

0.036

0.024 to 0.164

Direct Effect

0.095

0.023

0.050 to 0.140

 

0.100

0.030

0.040 to 0.159

 

0.080

0.034

0.013 to 0.146

Total Indirect Effect

0.018

0.009

0.0003 to 0.036

 

0.025

0.012

0.002 to 0.049

 

0.015

0.015

-0.015 to 0.043

Indirect pathways

           

CM→ SE → DS

0.009

0.004

0.001 to 0.018

 

0.017

0.007

0.004 to 0.033

 

0.004

0.005

-0.006 to 0.015

CM →IP → DS

0.006

0.008

−0.010 to 0.022

 

0.004

0.009

-0.013 to 0.022

 

0.009

0.014

-0.020 to 0.035

CM → SE →IP → DS

0.003

0.001

0.001 to 0.006

 

0.004

0.002

0.001 to 0.008

 

0.014

0.002

-0.002 to 0.005

Externalizing problems as mediator 2

        

Total Effect

0.108

0.024

0.061 to 0.154

 

0.120

0.032

0.058 to 0.183

 

0.086

0.036

0.015 to 0.156

Direct Effect

0.078

0.023

0.032 to 0.124

 

0.084

0.031

0.023 to 0.146

 

0.054

0.035

-0.015 to 0.123

Total Indirect Effect

0.030

0.008

0.014 to 0.046

 

0.036

0.012

0.014 to 0.061

 

0.032

0.012

0.008 to 0.056

Indirect pathways

           

CM → SE→ DS

0.012

0.004

0.004 to 0.021

 

0.022

0.008

0.008 to 0.040

 

0.005

0.005

-0.005 to 0.016

CM → EP → DS

0.018

0.007

0.005 to 0.032

 

0.014

0.009

-0.003 to 0.033

 

0.027

0.012

0.005 to 0.050

CM → SE →EP → DS

0.000

0.001

−0.002 to 0.002

 

-0.0002

0.001

-0.003 to 0.003

 

0.000

0.001

-0.003 to 0.003

  1. CM, Childhood maltreatment; CI, confidence interval; SE, Self-esteem; DS, Depressive symptoms; IP, Internalizing problems; EP, Externalizing problems.
  2. Note: Adjusted covariates indicating age, household socioeconomic status, living arrangement, classmate relations, relationships with teachers, smoking, drinking, depressive symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems at baseline, and sex (overall model only). The 95% CI not including 0 indicates statistical significance, given in bold.
  3. *95% CI is presented as bias-corrected and accelerated 5,000 bootstrapping.