Association of feeding patterns in infancy with later autism symptoms and neurodevelopment: a national multicentre survey

Table 5 Association between infant feeding and CNBS-R 2016 developmental quotient in children with ASD

Variable	GQ		Gross motor		Fine motor		Adaptive behavior		Language		Personal-social
Variable	β(95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P
Breastfeeding duration, N = 975
< 6 months	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
6–12 months	-1.252 (-4.178,1.673)	0.401	1.007 (-2.346,4.359)	0.556	-1.097 (-4.419,2.225)	0.516	-3.208 (-6.433, 0.017)	0.051	-2.144 (-6.124,1.835)	0.291	-0.826 (-4.153,2.502)	0.627
≥ 12 months	0.969 (-1.961,3.898)	0.516	1.458 (-1.968,4.885)	0.401	1.301 (-1.930,4.533)	0.428	0.120 (-3.217,3.457)	0.943	0.826 (-3.129,4.781)	0.682	1.391 (-1.717,4.498)	0.380
Timing of complementary food, N = 975
4–6 months	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≤ 4 months	-1.966 (-5.541, 1.609)	0.281	-2.462 (-6.411, 1.487)	0.222	-2.431 (-6.365, 1.503)	0.225	-1.421 (-5.440, 2.597)	0.488	-2.509 (-7.324, 2.305)	0.307	-1.157 (-5.182,2.868)	0.573
> 6 months	-3.584 (-6.370, -0.799)	0.012	-2.915 (-5.966, 0.135)	0.061	-3.275 (-6.324, -0.226)	0.035	-4.023 (-7.119, -0.927)	0.011	-4.684 (-8.575, -0.794)	0.018	-2.768 (-5.836,0.299)	0.077
Acceptance of complementary food, N = 975
Good	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Fair	1.034 (-1.609,3.677)	0.442	1.267 (-1.648,4.183)	0.394	1.046 (-1.722,3.815)	0.458	1.737 (-1.279,4.753)	0.258	1.107 (-2.444,4.658)	0.541	0.123 (-2.949,3.195)	0.937
Poor	-3.143 (-7.136, 0.850)	0.123	-5.204 (-9.603, -0.804)	0.020	-0.494 (-4.882,3.895)	0.825	-3.164 (-7.635,1.306)	0.165	-2.821 (-8.249,2.606)	0.308	-4.155 (-8.663, 0.354)	0.071

On the basis of the original data, missing demographic data were imputed, as well as 111 data on breastfeeding, 86 data on time of introduction of complementary foods, and 119 data on acceptance of complementary food (Only ASD group)
Multivariate linear regression was used for adjusting for the child’s age, gender, residence, annual family income, paternal education level, maternal education level, and additionally adjusting for other two infant feeding situations with multiple imputed data
ASD autism spectrum disorder, β (95% CI) regression coefficient (95% confidence interval)

ISSN: 1471-244X