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Table 1 Demographic and reoffending information for cohort members with at least one proven offence, stratified by psychiatric disorder, aged 10–31, born 1983-84 (n = 26,651)

From: Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

 

Psychiatric disorder (n = 3,580)

No psychiatric disorder (n = 23,071)

Total (n = 26,651)a

Group difference

χ2f (ϕc)

Sex [n (%)]b

   

49.38*** (.04)

 Female

1,213 (15.7%)

6,493 (84.2%)

7,706 (28.9%)

 

 Male

2,367 (12.5%)

16,578 (87.5%)

18,945 (71.1%)

 

Indigenous status [n (%)]b

   

799.90*** (.17)

 Indigenous

1,026 (28.4%)

2,593 (71.7%)

3,619 (13.6%)

 

 Non-Indigenous

2,554 (11.1%)

20,478 (88.9%)

23,032 (86.4%)

 

Reoffenders [n (%)]c,d

2,616 (73.1%)

12,924 (56.0%)

15,540 (58.3%)

370.09*** (.12)

 No reoffence

964 (26.9%)

10,147 (44.0%)

11,111 (41.7%)

 

 1-2 reoffences

961 (26.8%)

6,620 (28.7%)

7,581 (28.5%)

5.12* (.01)

 3-5 reoffences

636 (17.8%)

3,213 (13.9%)

3,849 (14.4%)

36.65*** (.04)

 6-10 reoffences

519 (14.5%)

1,790 (7.8%)

2,309 (8.7%)

176.98*** (.08)

 > 10 reoffences

500 (14.0%)

1,301 (5.6%)

1,801 (6.8%)

339.75*** (.11)

Reoffence type [n (%)]c

 Violent

735 (20.5%)

1,958 (8.5%)

2,693 (10.1%)

493.57*** (.14)

 Nonviolent

2,157 (60.3%)

9,308 (40.4%)

11,465 (43.0%)

500.18*** (.14)

 Other minor

2,208 (61.7%)

10,181 (44.1%)

12,389 (46.5%)

382.87*** (.12)

Reoffence frequency by type [m (sd)]e

   

t g

[d, (95% CI)]

 Violent

0.35 (0.89)

0.14 (0.57)

0.16 (0.63)

13.71***

0.34 [0.29,0.39]

 Nonviolent

2.98 (5.38)

1.33 (3.00)

1.55 (3.46)

17.90***

0.48 [0.44,0.53]

 Other minor

2.57 (3.86)

1.34 (2.56)

1.51 (2.80)

18.38***

0.44 [0.40,0.49]

  1. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001
  2. aColumn is percent of total sample; bRow-wise percent; cColumn-wise percent; dSubsequent court finalisations; eSubsequent proven offences
  3. fPearson’s chi-squared test (df = 1) with Yates’ continuity correction; ϕc = Cramer’s V effect size for chi-squared test
  4. gIndependent samples t-test (Welch two sample test for unequal variances); d = Cohen’s d effect size with 95% confidence intervals