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Table 2 Prentice, Willliams and Peterson gap time recurrent event survival analysis hazards ratios for the association between psychiatric disorders and reoffence types, for individuals aged 10–31, born 1983-84 (n = 26,651)

From: Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

Variable

Violent reoffending

Nonviolent reoffending

Minor reoffending

Malea

1.68 [1.55,1.83]***

1.36 [1.31,1.41]***

1.36 [1.32,1.41]***

Indigenousb

3.95 [3.66,4.26]***

1.73 [1.68,1.78]***

1.59 [1.55,1.63]***

Severe mental illness

1.16 [0.97,1.38]

1.07 [0.99,1.15]

1.07 [1.00,1.15]

Mood and anxiety disorders

1.37 [1.17,1.60]***

1.14 [1.07,1.21]***

1.21 [1.14,1.28]***

Personality disorders

1.34 [1.12,1.61]**

1.01 [0.93,1.09]

0.96 [0.89,1.03]

Alcohol use disorders

1.46 [1.30,1.63]***

1.28 [1.22,1.34]***

1.24 [1.19,1.30]***

Other substance use disorders

1.24 [1.08,1.42]**

1.40 [1.32,1.48]***

1.34 [1.27,1.42]***

Adolescent and adult onset disorders

1.22 [1.06,1.39]**

1.10 [1.03,1.17]**

1.09 [1.03,1.16]**

Child onset disorders

1.20 [1.01,1.41]*

1.01 [0.93,1.09]

0.99 [0.92,1.07]

Likelihood ratio testc

2145***

4303***

3277***

Wald testc

2126***

2483***

2390***

Logrank test

2652***

4774***

3608***

  1. Data are hazards ratio (95% CI)
  2. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001
  3. aReference group female
  4. bReference group non-Indigenous
  5. cdf = 11