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Table 3 Cox regression models showing adjusted HRs of cardiometabolic comorbidities among PTSD patients compared to the population without PTSD

From: The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway

Event outcomes

Model 1

HR

(99% CI)

Model 2

HR

(99% CI)

Model 3

HR

(99% CI)

Model 4

HR

(99% CI)

Model 5

HR

(99% CI)

Model 6

HR

(99% CI)

Hypertensive diseases

3.5

(3.1–3.9)

3.1

(2.7–3.5)

2.6

(2.3–2.9)

2.4

(2.1–2.7)

1.8

(1.6–2.1)

1.8

(1.6–2.1)

Ischaemic heart diseases

4.2

(3.6–5.0)

3.6

(3.1–4.3)

2.9

(2.5–3.5)

2.7

(2.3–3.2)

2.0

(1.7–2.4)

2.0

(1.7–2.4)

Pulmonary heart diseases

4.6

(3.1–6.8)

3.8

(2.6–5.7)

2.9

(1.9–4.3)

2.7

(1.8–4.0)

1.9

(1.3–2.9)

1.9

(1.2–2.8)

Cerebrovascular diseases

4.2

(3.3–5.4)

3.5

(2.7–4.5)

2.8

(2.1–3.6)

2.5

(1.9–3.2)

1.8

(1.4–2.4)

1.8

(1.4–2.3)

Diabetes mellitus

5.0

(4.3–5.8)

4.1

(3.5–4.7)

3.3

(2.8–3.8)

3.1

(2.6–3.6)

2.2

(1.9–2.6)

2.2

(1.9–2.6)

Obesity

6.5

(5.7–7.5)

5.0

(4.3–5.7)

3.6

(3.1–4.2)

3.4

(2.9–3.9)

2.1

(1.8–2.4)

2.0

(1.8–2.3)

Metabolic disorders

6.2

(5.5–6.9)

5.0

(4.5–5.6)

3.7

(3.3–4.1)

3.1

(2.8–3.5)

2.3

(2.1–2.6)

2.2

(2.0–2.5)

  1. Model 1 = estimates adjusted for age and gender; model 2 = estimates adjusted for age, gender and recipient of social welfare (SES indicator); model 3 = estimates adjusted for age, gender, SES indicator and comorbid anxiety; model 4 = estimates adjusted for age, gender, SES indicator, comorbid anxiety and comorbid AUD; model 5 = estimates adjusted for age, gender, SES indicator, comorbid anxiety and comorbid depression; model 6 = estimates adjusted for age, gender, SES indicator, comorbid anxiety, comorbid depression and comorbid AUD. All HR estimates are statistically significant under p-value less than 0.001