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Mood disorders

Section edited by Florian Seemüller

This section is dedicated to covering all aspects of a wide range of mood disorders. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, biological psychiatry, depression, psychoneuroendocrinology, bipolar disorders, antidepressants, psychopharmacology, neuroimaging, transcranial/cortical stimulation, electroencephalography and co-morbid conditions associated with mood disorders.


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  1. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) should follow an adequate methodology using an evidence-based approach in order to provide reliable recommendations. However, little is known regarding the quality of CPGs f...

    Authors: Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka, Sergio Goicochea-Lugo, David Villarreal-Zegarra and Alvaro Taype-Rondan

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:76

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Rebound cholinergic syndrome is a rare, but well known unwanted phenomenon occurring after abrupt clozapine discontinuation. There have been previous reported cases of cholinergic rebound in the literature; ho...

    Authors: Andrea Galova, Patricia Berney, Jules Desmeules, Ioannis Sergentanis and Marie Besson

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:73

    Content type: Case report

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  3. There is a growing body of literature highlighting the role that wearable and mobile remote measurement technology (RMT) can play in measuring symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Outcomes assessment t...

    Authors: F. Matcham, C. Barattieri di San Pietro, V. Bulgari, G. de Girolamo, R. Dobson, H. Eriksson, A. A. Folarin, J. M. Haro, M. Kerz, F. Lamers, Q. Li, N. V. Manyakov, D. C. Mohr, I. Myin-Germeys, V. Narayan, Penninx BWJH…

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:72

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. The World Health Organization (WHO) has included comorbidity between depression and a chronic disease among the 10 leading global health priorities. Although there is a high prevalence of multimorbidity, healt...

    Authors: Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé, Alberto Barceló-Soler, Adoración Castro, Mª. Ángeles Pérez-Ara, Margalida Gili, Fermín Mayoral, Maria Magdalena Hurtado, Esperanza Varela Moreno, Cristina Botella, Azucena García-Palacios, Rosa M. Baños, Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo and Javier García-Campayo

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:66

    Content type: Study protocol

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  5. The role of dietary patterns in the prevention of unipolar depression has been analyzed in several epidemiological studies. The primary aims of this study are to determine the effectiveness of an extra-olive o...

    Authors: A. Sánchez-Villegas, B. Cabrera-Suárez, P. Molero, A. González-Pinto, C. Chiclana-Actis, C. Cabrera, F. Lahortiga-Ramos, M. Florido-Rodríguez, P. Vega-Pérez, R. Vega-Pérez, J. Pla, M. J. Calviño-Cabada, F. Ortuño, S. Navarro, Y. Almeida and J. L. Hernández-Fleta

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:63

    Content type: Study protocol

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  6. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The cardinal features of MDD are depressed mood and anhedonia. Anhedonia is defined as a “markedly diminished interest or pleasure ...

    Authors: Vera E. Heininga, Egon Dejonckheere, Marlies Houben, Jasmien Obbels, Pascal Sienaert, Bart Leroy, Joris van Roy and Peter Kuppens

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:59

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Depressive symptoms are common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and are associated with an unfavourable outcome. Establishing prognostic patient profiles prior to the beginning of mental health care...

    Authors: Frank Vitinius, Steffen Escherich, Hans-Christian Deter, Martin Hellmich, Jana Jünger, Katja Petrowski, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Frank Lambertus, Matthias Michal, Cora Weber, Martina de Zwaan, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Joram Ronel and Christian Albus

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:57

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Inpatients with depression have a poor long term outcome with high rates of suicide, high levels of morbidity and frequent re-admission. Current treatment often relies on pharmacological intervention and focus...

    Authors: Ian R. E. Averill, Ben Beaglehole, Katie M. Douglas, Jennifer Jordan, Marie T. Crowe, Maree Inder, Cameron J. Lacey, Christopher M. Frampton, Christopher R. Bowie and Richard J. Porter

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:52

    Content type: Study protocol

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  9. Recommendations for pharmacological treatments of major depression with specific comorbid psychiatric conditions are lacking.

    Authors: D. Bennabi, A. Yrondi, T. Charpeaud, J.-B. Genty, S. Destouches, S. Lancrenon, N. Allaili, F. Bellivier, T. Bougerol, V. Camus, O. Doumy, J.-M. Dorey, F. Haesebaert, J. Holtzmann, C. Lançon, M. Lefebvre…

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:50

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Parents are vulnerable to psychological distress symptoms in the postpartum period. It is routine to screen for depressive symptoms, but anxiety, stress, fatigue, irritability and insomnia symptoms are less of...

    Authors: Nathan Wilson, Karen Wynter, Clare Anderson, Shanthakumar M. W. Rajaratnam, Jane Fisher and Bei Bei

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:48

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Anxiety and depressive disorders are common mental disorders. A substantial part of patients does not achieve symptomatic remission after treatment in specialized services. Current care as usual (CAU) for thes...

    Authors: Maringa H. H. Zoun, Bauke Koekkoek, Henny Sinnema, Christina M. van der Feltz-Cornelis, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, Aart H. Schene, Filip Smit and Jan Spijker

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:46

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Self-harm and depression are strong risk factors for repeat self-harm and suicide. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of remotely delivered problem-solving cognitive...

    Authors: Kapil Sayal, James Roe, Harriet Ball, Christopher Atha, Catherine Kaylor-Hughes, Boliang Guo, Ellen Townsend and Richard Morriss

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:42

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental disorders among the working population with potentially high personal and financial cost. The overall aim of this study was to test the applicability of an outreach ...

    Authors: Helle Østermark Sørensen, Jan B. Valentin, Malene Krogsgaard Bording, Jens Ivar Larsen, Anelia Larsen and Øyvind Omland

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:40

    Content type: Research article

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  14. People with a family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) report specific psychoeducational needs that are unmet by existing online interventions. This trial aimed to test whethe...

    Authors: Llewellyn Mills, Bettina Meiser, Raghib Ahmad, Peter R. Schofield, Michelle Peate, Charlene Levitan, Lyndal Trevena, Kristine Barlow-Stewart, Timothy Dobbins, Helen Christensen, Kerry A. Sherman, Kate Dunlop and Philip B. Mitchell

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:29

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who are non-improvers after two weeks of antidepressant treatment have a high risk of treatment failure. Recently, we did not find differences in outcomes in non-i...

    Authors: Nadine Dreimüller, Stefanie Wagner, Alice Engel, Dieter F. Braus, Sibylle C. Roll, Stefan Elsner, André Tadić and Klaus Lieb

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:24

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Although currently available evidence suggests that physical exercise can be beneficial for depressed patients and might be comparable to antidepressant treatment, the best way of implementing this recommendat...

    Authors: Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:21

    Content type: Study protocol

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  17. The clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treatment resistant patients (at least 4 medication trials) appears to be well accepted and forms the coverage policies and rTMS’...

    Authors: Jeffrey Voigt, Linda Carpenter and Andrew Leuchter

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:13

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Although depression is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, its relationship with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is controversial. To date, there is a lack of data on the impro...

    Authors: Huai Heng Loh, Lee Ling Lim, Anne Yee and Huai Seng Loh

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:12

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Because the collection of mental health information through interviews is expensive and time consuming, interest in using population-based administrative health data to conduct research on depression has incre...

    Authors: Chelsea Doktorchik, Scott Patten, Cathy Eastwood, Mingkai Peng, Guanmin Chen, Cynthia A. Beck, Nathalie Jetté, Tyler Williamson and Hude Quan

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2019 19:9

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Although an “epidemic” of depression is frequently claimed, empirical evidence is inconsistent, depending on country, study design and depression assessment. Little is known about changes in depression over ti...

    Authors: Julia Bretschneider, Silke Janitza, Frank Jacobi, Julia Thom, Ulfert Hapke, Tobias Kurth and Ulrike E. Maske

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:394

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely used in many countries to screen women for depression in the perinatal period. However, across studies the psychometric properties and cutoff scores of...

    Authors: Johanne Smith-Nielsen, Stephen Matthey, Theis Lange and Mette Skovgaard Væver

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:393

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Research has shown that a history of childhood adversities is common in patients with psychiatric disorders but few studies have investigated links between specific types of adversity and specific psychiatric ...

    Authors: Antonella Bruni, Elvira Anna Carbone, Valentina Pugliese, Matteo Aloi, Giuseppina Calabrò, Gregorio Cerminara, Cristina Segura-García and Pasquale De Fazio

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:391

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Clinical studies have shown that bipolar patients have increased serum uric acid levels. High serum uric acid levels could play a role contributing to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome ...

    Authors: Jingxu Chen, Hongmei Chen, Junhui Feng, Ligang Zhang, Juyan Li, Ran Li, Shaoli Wang, Ian Wilson, Alison Jones, Yunlong Tan, Fude Yang and Xu-Feng Huang

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:390

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a seasonally recurrent type of major depression that has detrimental effects on patients’ lives during winter. Little is known about how it affects patients during summer a...

    Authors: Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Edda Pjrek, Christina Kien, Gerald Gartlehner, Lucie Bartova, Michaela-Elena Friedrich, Siegfried Kasper and Dietmar Winkler

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:372

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Treatment of depression in cardiac patients is difficult. Patients’ illness beliefs regarding depression are associated with outcomes. The aim of the mixed-methods study was to test whether patients in routine...

    Authors: Julia Luise Magaard, Bernd Löwe, Anna Levke Brütt and Sebastian Kohlmann

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:366

    Content type: Research article

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  29. In the absence of one intervention that can cure all patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), the leading cause of disability worldwide, increased attention has been focused on selecting the best treatme...

    Authors: Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Tohar Dolev, Liat Leibovich and Jacques P. Barber

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:362

    Content type: Study protocol

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  31. Diabetes and depression are both chronic debilitating conditions, and their coexistence has been associated with adverse outcomes. In this study, we investigated the association between glycaemic control and d...

    Authors: Josephine Akpalu, Ernest Yorke, Joana Ainuson-Quampah, Williams Balogun and Kwame Yeboah

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:357

    Content type: Research article

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  32. In the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, a third of patients did not achieve remission or adequate response after two treatment trials, fulfilling requirements for treatmen...

    Authors: Allitia DiBernardo, Xiwu Lin, Qiaoyi Zhang, Jim Xiang, Lang Lu, Carol Jamieson, Carmela Benson, Kwan Lee, Robert Bodén, Lena Brandt, Philip Brenner, Johan Reutfors and Gang Li

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:352

    Content type: Research article

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  34. The detection of early warning signs is essential in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. However, in bipolar patients’ daily life and outpatient treatment the assessment of upcoming state changes fac...

    Authors: Esther Mühlbauer, Michael Bauer, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Philipp Ritter, Holger Hill, Fabrice Beier, Nikolaus Kleindienst and Emanuel Severus

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:349

    Content type: Study protocol

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  35. Studies have confirmed that the thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) are associated with cognitive function. These two brain regions are closely related in structure and function. The interaction...

    Authors: Lijun Kang, Aixia Zhang, Ning Sun, Penghong Liu, Chunxia Yang, Gaizhi Li, Zhifen Liu, Yanfang Wang and Kerang Zhang

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:339

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Several studies have suggested that depression is associated with an increased risk for fracture; however, the results are conflicting. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cohort studies assessing t...

    Authors: Lei Qiu, Qin Yang, Na Sun, Dandan Li, Yuxin Zhao, Xiaotong Li, Yanhong Gong, Chuanzhu Lv and Xiaoxv Yin

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:336

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent (hypo)manic and depressive episodes, alternating with euthymic states in which patients are relatively symptom free. Besides clinical recovery, it is importa...

    Authors: Jannis T. Kraiss, Peter M. ten Klooster, Melissa Chrispijn, Hester R. Trompetter, Anja W.M.M. Stevens, Erica Neutel, Ralph W. Kupka and Ernst T. Bohlmeijer

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:335

    Content type: Study protocol

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  38. Globally, depressive disorders are one of the most common forms of mental illness. Using data from the most recent Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we aimed to describe ...

    Authors: Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Sruthi Mathsyaraja, Rajeendra Kashyap Koti, Janette Perz and Andrew Page

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:333

    Content type: Research article

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  39. A series of studies indicate that a fast onset of a depressive episode (within 7 days) is a clinical variable useful for indicating bipolarity even when no manic episode has occurred to date. The role of acute...

    Authors: Maria Strauss, Roland Mergl, Nora Gürke, Kerstin Kleinert, Christian Sander and Ulrich Hegerl

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:332

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is related to human’s immune status, and immunological indicators such as mitogen stimulated cell proliferation and cytokines may become candidate biomarkers for disease diagnosis.

    Authors: Ping Lin, Bingyu Ding, Yunqiang Wu, Ke Dong and Qingtian Li

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:330

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Few longitudinal studies have examined associations between risk factors during pregnancy and mental health outcomes during the postpartum period. We used a cohort study design to estimate the prevalence, inci...

    Authors: Linnet Ongeri, Valentine Wanga, Phelgona Otieno, Jane Mbui, Elizabeth Juma, Ann Vander Stoep and Muthoni Mathai

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:318

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Much evidence consistent with the Marital Discord Model of Depression (MDMD) suggests that marital discord is associated with depression, but no studies examine the relationship between marital satisfaction an...

    Authors: Saman Maroufizadeh, Mostafa Hosseini, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Reza Omani-Samani and Payam Amini

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:310

    Content type: Research article

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  43. A growing body of evidence in relatively healthy populations suggests that postpartum depression and fatigue are likely distinct but related experiences. However, differentiating depression and fatigue in clin...

    Authors: Nathan Wilson, Karen Wynter, Jane Fisher and Bei Bei

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:309

    Content type: Research article

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  45. A subgroup of depressed patients with increased inflammatory activity was shown to be more susceptible to develop Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). Earlier studies with anti-inflammatory drugs have shown b...

    Authors: Chenghao Yang, Fokko J. Bosker, Jie Li and Robert A. Schoevers

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:279

    Content type: Study protocol

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  46. Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. To reduce the societal burden and improve quality of life for individual patients, treatments for depression need to be optimized. There is a particular n...

    Authors: Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen, Maaike Meurs, Renee Stelwagen, Lex Wunderink, Robert A. Schoevers, Marieke Wichers and Albertine J. Oldehinkel

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:276

    Content type: Study protocol

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  47. In cancer patients, depressive disorder comorbidity is associated with greater suicide risk and poorer treatment outcomes, quality of life, and adherence to treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ...

    Authors: Li-Yu Hu, Chia-Jen Liu, Chiu-Mei Yeh, Ti Lu, Yu-Wen Hu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Pan-Ming Chen, Shyh-Chyang Lee and Cheng-Ho Chang

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:272

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and is associated with poor quality of life, additional comorbidities, disability, unemployment, poorer therapeutic o...

    Authors: Getinet Ayano, Melat Solomon and Mebratu Abraha

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:254

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Patients with comorbid depression and personality disorders suffer from a heavy disease burden while tailored treatment options are limited, accounting for a high psychological and economic burden. Little is k...

    Authors: Marit Kool, Henricus L. Van, Anna Bartak, Saskia C. M. de Maat, Arnoud Arntz, Johanna W. van den Eshof, Jaap Peen, Matthijs Blankers, Judith E. Bosmans and Jack J. M. Dekker

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:252

    Content type: Study protocol

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  50. More systematic use of evidence-based brief therapies is needed in the treatment of depression within psychiatric care. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of behavioral activation therapy (BA) for...

    Authors: Kaisa E. Luoto, Lars H. Lindholm, Vesa Paavonen, Antti Koivukangas, Antero Lassila, Esa Leinonen and Olli Kampman

    Citation: BMC Psychiatry 2018 18:238

    Content type: Research article

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