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Table 1 Descriptive statistics: demographic, utilization, and cost variables

From: Depression diagnoses following the identification of bipolar disorder: costly incongruent diagnoses

 

Cohort

  
 

NIDD (N = 6581)

IDD (N = 1400)

Uni- variate

Multivariate

Demographic Variables:

    

p

p

Men, n, %

2378

36.13%

391

27.93%

<.0001

 

Age, mean, SD

40.62

11.02

39.73

10.97

.0064

.0317

Region

      

   Northeast, n, %

747

11.35%

213

15.21%

<.0001

 

   South, n, %

2781

42.26%

570

40.71%

.2879

.0845

   West, n, %

860

13.07%

159

11.36%

.0816

 

   Midwest, n, %

2193

33.32%

458

32.71%

.6605

 

Plan Type

      

   Commercial, n, %

6232

94.70%

1344

96.00%

.0437

 

   Medicaid, n, %

349

5.30%

56

4.00%

.0437

 

Baseline Variables:

      

Baseline Unipolar Dx, n, %

886

13.46%

936

66.86%

<.0001

<.0001

Number of Unipolar Dxsa

0.95

3.24

8.96

11.60

<.0001

<.0001

Total Costsa

9056.62

18371.86

13448.57

20021.63

<.0001

.0163

M H Ambulatory Costa

835.59

1704.91

1999.31

4421.06

<.0001

<.0001

Non-MH Ambulatory Costa

2089.39

4000.50

2835.56

5239.78

<.0001

.0652

Mental Health ER Costa

48.42

304.59

96.40

525.63

.001

 

Non-MH ER Costa

206.93

845.65

293.98

1041.55

.0034

 

MH Inpatient Costa

793.66

3428.65

2141.36

7325.41

<.0001

 

Non-MH Inpatient Costa

1752.31

17979.46

1658.32

12441.45

.8141

 

MH Medication Costa

1745.42

1909.65

2153.20

2032.10

<.0001

.018

Total Medication Costa

2836.37

2882.69

3545.40

3370.89

<.0001

 

Number of Psychotherapy Sessionsa

5.92

9.43

13.14

13.77

<.0001

 

Antidepressant Day Supplya

186.58

196.25

276.30

209.07

<.0001

<.0001

Lithium Day Supplya

55.36

111.00

31.05

81.58

<.0001

<.0001

Benzodiazepine Day Supplya

64.38

123.73

98.61

144.33

<.0001

.0015

Anticonvulsants Day Supplya

137.94

171.75

132.97

162.30

.3035

<.0001

Antidepressant Monotherapyb

0.082

0.27

0.10

0.30

.031

.0163

Number of Claims w/ADHD Dxa

0.21

1.51

0.29

2.14

.2126

.0716

Number of Claims with Non-MH Unique Dxa

12.62

9.38

15.32

10.47

<.0001

.0403

Index BP Dx on Inpatient Claim, n, %

312

4.74%

163

11.64%

<.0001

<.0001

BP Diagnosis on ER Claim, n, %

273

4.15%

28

2.00%

.0001

.0225

Index BP Dx Mixed Episode, n, %

1208

18.36%

222

15.86%

.0269

.0584

Index BP Dx Unspecified Episode, n, %

3020

45.89%

574

41.00%

.0008

.0094

Charlson Comorbidity Indexa

0.51

1.14

0.58

1.19

.042

 
  1. aIn the 1-year period prior to index bipolar disorder diagnosis, mean, SD.
  2. bPatients treated with antidepressant monotherapy were coded 1; those who were not treated with antidepressant monotherapy were coded 0, mean, SD.
  3. NIDD = no incongruent depression diagnosis; IDD = incongruent depression diagnosis; SD = standard deviation; Dx = diagnosis; MH = mental health; ER = emergency room; ADHD = attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BP=bipolar
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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