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Table 2 Clinical course and functional outcome variables in the "excessive substance use" group versus the "no use" groups

From: Excessive substance use in bipolar disorder is associated with impaired functioning rather than clinical characteristics, a descriptive study

 

Excessive substance

No use

Test statistics/p-value

Effect sizes

 

use group, N = 56

group, N = 69

  

IDS-C, median (IQR)

16.5 (17)

13.5 (20)

U = 1640.5, p = 0.853a

 

YMRS, median (IQR)

2 (3)

2 (5)

U = 1730.5, p = 0.393a

 

PANSS general, mean (SD)

26.1 (5.9)

24.6 (6.0)

t = -1.384, df = 122, p = 0.169d

 

Age at onset of BD (years), median (IQR)

20 (9)

19 (10)

U = 1894.0, p = 0.962a

 

Duration of illness, median (IQR)

9.5 (12)

11.5 (16.75)

U = 1739.0, p = 0.407a

 

In remission, n (%)

19 (35)

31 (46)

X2 = 1.515, p = 0.218b

 

Time in remission, months, median (IQR)

3 (4)

5 (7.25)

X2 = 2.511, p = 0.113c

 

No. of elevated mood episodes, median (IQR)

3 (8.5)

2 (4)

U = 1619.0, p = 0.288a

 

No. of depressive episodes, median (IQR)

4 (9)

3 (8)

U = 1716.0, p = 0.604a

 

Bipolar disorder type, BD I, n (%)

30 (54)

41 (59)

X2 = 0.431, p = 0.512b

 

Psychosis, n (%)

20 (36)

32 (48)

X2 = 1.604, p = 0.205b

 

No. of suicide attempts, median (IQR)

0 (1)

0 (1)

U = 600.0, p = 0.053a

 

Hospitalized (lifetime), n (%)

35 (65)

45 (67)

X2 = 0.074, p = 0.786b

 

No. of admissions, median (IQR)

1 (2.8)

1 (3)

U = 1814.0, p = 0.745a

 

Duration of admissions (months), median (IQR)

1.5 (4.2)

3.3 (5)

U = 568.0, p = 0.056a

 

MARS score, median (IQR)

8 (5)

7 (3)

U = 915.5, p = 0.010 a

Diff. in mean rank = 15.17

Years of education, mean (SD)

13.5 (2.6)

15.1 (2.9)

t = 3.307, df = 123, p = 0.001 d

Cohen's d = 0.596

Currently employed/full time students, n (%)

12 (21)

31 (45)

X2 = 7.564, p = 0.006 b

Phi = -0.246

Marital status (married/living as married), n (%)

20 (36)

26 (38)

X2 = 0.051, p = 0.821

 

GAF S, mean (SD)

52.9 (10.7)

59.7 (11.1)

t = 3.458, df = 123, p = 0.001 d

Cohen's d = 0.624

GAF F, mean (SD)

50.3 (11.3)

57.2 (12.1)

t = 3.112, df = 123, p = 0.002 d

Cohen's d = 0.561

  1. IQR = interquartile range. aMann Whitney U-test, bChi-square test, cLog rank (Mantel Cox) test, dStudent's t-test.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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