Table 3 Differences in CD-RISC item and total scores in the matched case–control sample

1. Able to adapt to change

3.23 (1.10)

3.36 (1.14)

−0.53^a

.595

−0.12

2. Can deal with whatever comes

2.66 (1.10)

3.21 (0.93)

−2.48^b

.015

−0.54

3. Tries to see humorous side of problems

2.05 (1.30)

2.45 (1.44)

−1.34^b

.184

−0.29

4. Coping with stress can strengthen me

1.27 (1.38)

1.81 (1.57)

−1.67^b

.099

−0.37

5. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship

3.15 (0.91)

3.60 (0.73)

−2.43^a

.018

−0.54

6. Can achieve goals despite obstacles

2.56 (1.42)

3.40 (0.91)

−3.24^b

.002

−0.71

7. Can stay focused under pressure

2.58 (1.28)

3.24 (1.06)

−2.57^a

.012

−0.57

8. Not easily discouraged by failure

2.68 (1.25)

3.31 (1.05)

−2.50^a

.015

−0.55

9. Thinks of self as strong person

2.95 (1.32)

3.33 (0.85)

−1.57^b

.120

−0.35

10. Can handle unpleasant feelings

2.63 (1.22)

3.38 (1.06)

−2.98^b

.004

−0.65

Total score

25.93 (6.65)

31.10 (6.12)

−3.65^a

< .001

−0.81