Outcome | Trials | Participants | Effect size (95% CI) | Heterogeneity: I 2 ;Chi2 (p value) | Follow-up (months) | GRADE confidence rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mutual Support | 4 | 2369 | ||||
Hospitalisation [51] | 1 | 80 | RR = 0.50 (0.23, 1.11) | N/A | 10 | Very low1,4,5 |
Symptoms of psychosis | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Employment | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Quality of life [47] | 1 | 300 | SMD = -1.42 (-1.69, – 1.16) | N/A | 12 | Very low1,4,5 |
Overall psychiatric symptoms [49] | 1 | 162 | N/A “no difference in change” | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Depression and anxiety [47] | 1 | 300 | SMD = -0.42 (-0.66, – 0.18) | N/A | 12 | Very low1,4,5 |
Recovery [47] | 1 | 300 | SMD = -0.11 (-0.35, 0.13) | N/A | 12 | Very low1,4,5 |
Hope [49] | 1 | 162 | N/A “no difference in change” | N/A | N/A | N/A |
3 | 2266 | SMD = -1.44 (-2.79, – 0.09) | 99%; 186.26 (p < 0.001) | 8-12 | Very low1,2,4,5 | |
Satisfaction | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Peer-support | 11 | 2805 | ||||
Hospitalisation [38] | 1 | 45 | RR = 1.07 (0.55, 2.07) | N/A | 9-12 | Very low1,4,5 |
3 | 255 | SMD = -0.22 (-0.72, 0.28) | 72%; 7.16 (p = 0.03) | Very low1,2,4,5 | ||
2 | 696 | SMD = -0.08 (-0.27, 0.03) | N/A | 2-12 | Low4,5 | |
Employment | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
5 | 1039 | SMD = 0.04 (-0.16, 0.24) | 52%; 8.38 (p = 0.08) | 3-12 | Very low1,4,5 | |
3 | 861 | SMD = -0.10 (-0.24, 0.03) | 0%; 1.97 (p = 0.37) | 2-12 | Low4,5 | |
3 | 753 | SMD = -0.07 (-0.39, 0.24) | 74%; 7.83 (p = 0.02) | 3-9 | Very low 1,2,4,5 | |
4 | 1066 | SMD = -0.24 (-0.39, – 0.09) | 27%; 4.09 (p = 0.25) | 2-12 | Low4,5 | |
4 | 1072 | SMD = -0.14 (-0.27, -0.02) | 7%; 3.21 (p = 0.36) | 2-3 | Very low 1,4,5 | |
2 | 286 | SMD = -2.67 (-7.35, 2.02) | 97%; 38.87 (p < 0.001) | 3 | Very low1,2*,4,5 | |
3 | 332 | SMD = 0.02 (-0.20, 0.23) | 0%; 0.95 (p = 0.62) | 9-12 | Very low1,4,5 | |
Peer delivered services | 3 | 411 | ||||
Hospitalisation [40] | 1Ψ | 114 | RR = 0.68 [0.45, 1.03] | N/A | 24 | Very Low1,4,5 |
Symptoms of psychosis | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Employment [28] | 1 | 96 | N/A “no differences” | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Quality of life (SMD) [28] | 1 | 96 | N/A “no differences” | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Depression and anxiety | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Overall psychiatric symptoms | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Recovery | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Hope | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Empowerment | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Satisfaction [28] | 1 | 87 | SMD = 0.48 (0.05, 0.91) | N/A | 12 | Very low1,4,5 |