From: Hypomania spectrum disorder in adolescence: a 15-year follow-up of non-mood morbidity in adulthood
Non-mood Axis I disorders in adulthood (MINI) | Full-syndromal hypomaniaan = 27 (%) | All hypomania spectrum n = 64 (%) | MDD n = 130 (%) | Controls n = 148 (%) | Followed cases | Multiple imputation data | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)dall hypomania vs. MDD | OR (95% CI)dall hypomania vs. controls | OR (95% CI)dall hypomania vs. MDD | OR (95% CI)dall hypomania vs. controls | |||||
GADb | 6 (22) | 12 (19) | 19 (15) | 7 (5) | 1.51 (0.67-3.39) | 5.15 (1.90-13.97)*** | 1.36 (0.64-2.90) | 5.72 (2.25-14.58)*** |
Panic disorderc | 6 (22) | 14 (22) | 23 (18) | 11 (7) | 1.55 (0.72-3.33) | 3.82 (1.61-9.08)** | 1.77 (0.87-3.57) | 5.01 (2.22-11.29)*** |
Social anxietyc | 5 (19) | 11 (17) | 27 (21) | 10 (7) | 0.75 (0.34-1.64) | 2.79 (1.11-6.99)* | 0.61 (0.29-1.27) | 3.36 (1.37-8.27)** |
Agoraphobiac | 6 (22) | 14 (22) | 28 (22) | 12 (8) | 1.14 (0.55-2.39) | 3.48 (1.49-8.15)** | 1.03 (0.54-1.98) | 4.23 (1.94-9.21)*** |
OCDb | - | 4 (6) | 6 (5) | 2 (1) | 1.67 (0.45-6.21) | 5.62 (0.99-31.81) | 1.42 (0.38-5.32) | 4.83 (0.87-27.80) |
PTSDb | - | 4 (6) | 1 (1) | - | 8.97 (0.97-83.25) | - 1 | 9.20 (1.06-79.93)* | - 1 |
Somatization disorderb | - | 1 (2) | 3 (2) | - | 0.59 (0.07-5.47) | - 1 | 0.64 (0.07-5.83) | - 1 |
Dysmorphophobiab | 1 (4) | 3 (5) | 5 (4) | 1 (1) | 1.48 (0.34-6.46) | 8.30 (0.84-81.98) | 1.12 (0.26-4.95) | 8.66 (0.89-84.49) |
Bulimia nervosab | 1 (4) | 3 (5) | 2 (2) | - | 3.80 (0.61-23.55) | - 1 | 8.66 (1.66-48.09)* | - 1 |
Psychotic symptomsb | - | - | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | - 1 | - 1 | - 1 | - 1 |
ADHDb | - | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3.85 (0.33-44.89) | 4.55 (0.40-51.84) | 2.93 (0.24-36.02) | 4.82 (0.44-52.41) |
Alcohol abusec | 4 (15) | 10 (16) | 17 (13) | 11 (7) | 1.29 (0.55-3.05) | 2.19 (0.87-5.49) | 1.39 (0.67-2.87) | 3.52 (1.53-8.10)** |
Drug abusec | - | 4 (6) | 8 (6) | 3 (2) | 2.00 (0.27-15.00) | 5.41 (0.48-61.15) | 3.75 (0.72-19.53) | 14.79 (1.70-128.94)* |
Any non- mood morbidity | 15 (56) | 34 (53) | 74 (57) | 41 (28) | 0.86 (0.46-1.58) | 2.98 (1.62-5.50)*** | 0.85 (0.48-1.51) | 4.04 (2.29-7.16)*** |