Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects (n = 533)

Age, years (mean ± SD)

33.5 ± 9.2

33.9 ± 1.3

35.0 ± 1.3

0.0734

0.481

Sex

3.766

0.15

 Male

122 (39.0 %)

39 (34.8 %)

31 (28.7 %)

 Female

191 (61.0 %)

73 (65.2 %)

77 (71.3 %)

Education, n (%)

36.162

<0.001

Control > BD1, BD2

 College graduate or more

254 (81.1 %)

65 (58.6 %)

61 (56.6 %)

 HCL-32 total

14.7 ± 5.4

16.1 ± 6.7

17.6 ± 6.5

10.527

<0.001

BD2 > Control

 Active/elated

12.4 ± 4.7

11.9 ± 5.0

13.0 ± 4.9

1.401

0.247

 Irritable/risk-taking

2.2 ± 1.8

3.9 ± 3.0

4.5 ± 2.8

49.280

<0.001

BD2, BD1 > Control