From: Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series
 | Presentations with psychosis | Presentations without psychosis |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n (%) | median (IQR) | mean (SD) | n (%) | median (IQR) | mean (SD) | p-value |
Age | |||||||
 Total |  | 29 years (24-38) |  |  | 31 years (24-39) |  | 0.077b |
 Males | 276 (79.3)a | 29 years (24-38) |  | 3892 (75.1)a | 32 years (25-39) |  | 0.041b |
 Females | 72 (20.7)a | 26.5 years (22-39) |  | 1289 (24.9)a | 28 years (22-37) |  | 0.675b |
Observations at presentation | |||||||
 Respiratory rate |  |  | 18 /min (5) |  |  | 16 /min (5) | <0.001 |
 Heart rate |  |  | 100 /min (22) |  |  | 91 /min (24) | < 0.001 |
 Systolic blood pressure |  |  | 131 mmHg (20) |  |  | 125 mmHg (21) | < 0.001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure |  |  | 80 mmHg (16) |  |  | 77 mmHg (16) | 0.004 |
 Temperature |  |  | 36.7 °C (0.8) |  |  | 36.3 °C (0.9) | < 0.001 |
 Blood glucose |  | 5.7 mmol/L (5.1-6.9) |  |  | 5.6 mmol/L (4.9-6.7) |  | 0.079 |
 Conscious level | |||||||
  Alert (GCS 15) | 203 (58.3) |  |  | 2564 (49.5) |  |  | 0.002 |
  Drowsy (GCS 8-14) | 122 (35.1) |  |  | 2013 (38.9) |  |  | 0.002 |
  Comatose (GCS ≤ 7) | 9 (2.6) |  |  | 448 (8.6) |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Not recorded | 14 (4.0) |  |  | 156 (3.0) |  |  | 0.369 |
Clinical features | |||||||
 Hallucinations | 152 (43.7) |  |  | 232 (4.5) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Agitation/aggression | 220 (63.2) |  |  | 1247 (24.1) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Anxiety | 129 (37.1) |  |  | 911 (17.6) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Hyperthermia | 7 (2.0) |  |  | 67 (1.3) |  |  | 0.375 |
Disposition from ED | |||||||
 Medically discharged | 132 (37.9) |  |  | 3016 (58.2) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Self discharge | 50 (14.4) |  |  | 906 (17.5) |  |  | 0.157 |
 Admitted critical care | 14 (4.0) |  |  | 318 (6.1) |  |  | 0.140 |
 Admitted psychiatric ward | 114 (32.8) |  |  | 170 (3.3) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Admitted other | 38 (10.9) |  |  | 739 (14.3) |  |  | 0.097 |
 Death | - |  |  | 16 (0.3) |  |  | 0.601 |
 Unknown | - |  |  | 16 (0.3) |  |  | 0.601 |
Length of stay in hospital | Â | 5.1 hours (2.3-13.6) | Â | Â | 4.6 hours (2.5-9.7) | Â | 0.176 |
Total | 348 (100) | Â | Â | 5181 (100) | Â | Â | Â |