Total | No-PTSD | PTSD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | N = 187 | N = 155 | N = 32 | Statistical value (df) | P-value | |
Age (years) | mean (SD) | 35.5 (10.1) | 35.9 (10.4) | 33.1 (7.9) | 1.40 (178) | 0.163 |
Male sex | n (%) | 167 (89.3) | 139 (89.7) | 28 (87.5) | 0.13 (1) | 0.717 |
Urban living | n (%) | 101 (56.1) | 81 (53.6) | 20 (69.0) | 2.31 (1) | 0.128 |
Unmarried | n (%) | 70 (38.9) | 59 (39.1) | 11 (37.9) | 0.01 (1) | 0.908 |
Higher caste | n (%) | 104 (57.8) | 92 (60.9) | 12 (41.4) | 3.81 (1) | 0.051 |
Higher education | n (%) | 128 (71.1) | 111 (71.6) | 22 (68.89 | 0.11 (1) | 0.745 |
High income | n (%) | 104 (66.7) | 84 (65.1) | 20 (74.1) | 0.81 (1) | 0.369 |
Adequate social support | n (%) | 129 (68.9) | 110 (72.8) | 19 (65.5) | 0.64 (1) | 0.422 |
Age at onset of habitual drinking (years) | mean (SD) | 17.9 (5.7) | 17.8 (5.6) | 18.3 (6.3) | −0.43 (185) | 0.672 |
Age at peak drinking problem | mean (SD) | 34.0 (9.9) | 34.6 (10.0) | 30.8 (8.7) | 2.02 (185) | 0.045 |
Drinking career (years) | mean (SD) | 19.9 (9.9) | 17.6 (9.9) | 14.4 (9.6) | 1.70 (179) | 0.091 |
Daily drinking units | mean (SD) | 17.6 (14.5) | 16.4 (12.4) | 22.8 (20.5) | −2.29 (167) | 0.024 |
Number of alcohol withdrawal symptoms | mean (SD) | 5.9 (3.7) | 5.7 (3.8) | 7.2 (3.4) | −2.22 (170) | 0.032 |
Drinking >2 days/week | n (%) | 162 (86.6) | 136 (87.7) | 26 (81.3) | 0.97 (1) | 0.390 |
Drinking units/typical day ≥5 | n (%) | 132 (72.1) | 110 (71.0) | 22 (68.8) | 0.29 (1) | 0.802 |
Guilt/remorse on drinking | n (%) | 134 (71.7) | 110 (71.0) | 24 (75.0) | 0.21 (1) | 0.645 |
Eye-opening | n (%) | 137 (76.5) | 113 (75.3) | 24 (82.8) | 0.75 (1) | 0.388 |
Alcohol-induced blackouts | n (%) | 110 (62.1) | 87 (58.8) | 23 (79.3) | 4.34 (1) | 0.037 |
Alcohol use related police arrests | n (%) | 63 (35.0) | 51 (33.8) | 12 (41.4) | 0.62 (1) | 0.432 |
Used alcohol more often than intended | n (%) | 148 (82.2) | 123 (81.5) | 25 (86.2) | 0.38 (1) | 0.540 |
Alcohol related physical illnesses | n (%) | 119 (65.4) | 99 (65.6) | 20 (64.5) | 0.01 (1) | 0.911 |
Alcohol related psychological illnesses | n (%) | 132 (70.6) | 16 (50.0) | 116 (76.8) | 9.45 (1) | 0.002 |
Parental problem drinking | n (%) | 68 (37.8) | 52 (34.49) | 16 (55.2) | 4.45 (1) | 0.035 |
Currently smoking (yes) | n (%) | 121 (65.1) | 100 (64.9) | 21 (65.6) | 0.01 (1) | 0.941 |
Other substance misuse (ever) | n (%) | 58 (31.0) | 49 (31.6) | 9 (28.1) | 0.15 (1) | 0.698 |
Prior treatment relapse | n (%) | 40 (21.4) | 33 (21.3) | 7 (21.9) | 0.01 (1) | 0.941 |
Currently distressed | n (%) | 49 (27.8) | 41 (27.9) | 8 (27.6) | 0.01 (1) | 0.973 |
Major depression (life time) | n (%) | 85 (45.4) | 63 (40.9) | 22 (68.8) | 8.28 (1) | 0.004 |