| N (%) | CONSISTENCY (Cronbach’s alpha) |  | VALIDITY (Confirmatory factor analyses) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | PSS-10 items | Subscales | Goodness-of-fit | RMSEA (90% CI) | CFI | TLI | SRMR | ||||
 | -ve | +ve | χ2 | χ2/df | Δχ2 (Δdf) p-value | ||||||
All participants | |||||||||||
 | 682 (100%) | 0.878 | 0.882 | 0.751 | 142.42 | 4.19 | - | 0.068 (0.057–0.080) | 0.988 | 0.984 | 0.022 |
By sex | |||||||||||
 Male | 633 (92.8%) | 0.880 | 0.883 | 0.751 | 154.87 | 4.56 | - | 0.075 (0.063–0.087) | 0.986 | 0.982 | 0.023 |
 Female | 49 (7.2%) | 0.859 | 0.856 | 0.729 | 34.44 | 1.01 | - | 0.016 (0.00-0.105) | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.059 |
Configural invariance | - | - | - | - | 145.09 | 2.13 | - | 0.058 (0.045–0.071) | 0.992 | 0.989 | 0.028 |
Metric Invariance | - | - | - | - | 151.85 | 2.00 | 12.886 (8) p = 0.116 | 0.054 (0.041–0.067) | 0.991 | 0.991 | 0.029 |
Scalar invariance | - | - | - | - | 157.19 | 1.56 | 32.160 (33) p = 0.509 | 0.040 (0.028–0.052) | 0.994 | 0.995 | 0.031 |
By country of birth | |||||||||||
 Australia | 352 (51.6%) | 0.895 | 0.879 | 0.787 | 77.07 | 2.27 | - | 0.060 (0.42 − 0.078) | 0.992 | 0.989 | 0.025 |
 Overseas | 307 (45.0%) | 0.860 | 0.877 | 0.720 | 96.49 | 2.84 | - | 0.077 (0.059–0.096) | 0.983 | 0.977 | 0.030 |
 Not stated | 23 (3.4%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Configural invariance | - | - | - | - | 179.84 | 2.64 | - | 0.071 (0.058–0.083) | 0.988 | 0.984 | 0.027 |
Metric Invariance | - | - | - | - | 195.85 | 2.58 | 22.469 (8) p = 0.004 | 0.069 (0.057–0.081) | 0.987 | 0.984 | 0.029 |
Scalar invariance | - | - | - | - | 243.90 | 2.35 | 81.428 (36) p < 0.001 | 0.064 (0.054–0.074) | 0.985 | 0.987 | 0.033 |
By interpreter use | |||||||||||
 Interpreter | 69 (10.1%) | 0.824 | 0.851 | 0.658 | 88.05 | 2.59 | - | 0.152 (0.113–0.191) | 0.940 | 0.921 | 0.070 |
 No interpreter | 522 (76.5%) | 0.884 | 0.883 | 0.770 | 83.91 | 2.47 | - | 0.053 (0.039–0.067) | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.020 |
 Not stated | 91 (13.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
By language spoken at home | |||||||||||
 English | 486 (71.3%) | 0.882 | 0.884 | 0.737 | 82.81 | 2.44 | - | 0.054 (0.40-0.069) | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.020 |
 Other | 119 (17.5%) | 0.869 | 0.874 | 0.762 | 102.03 | 3.00 | - | 0.130 (0.101–0.159) | 0.948 | 0.931 | 0.054 |
 Not stated | 77 (11.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |