Fig. 1

Correlations of narcissism dimensions with substance-related problems and partial correlations controlled for the degree of substance use. Note: (A) Schematic representation of the Trifurcated Model of Narcissism.

(adapted from [70]) as a legend for (B) depicting heatmaps of cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations (upper panel) and partial correlations (lower panel; controlled for the degree of use) of the five dimensions of narcissism with substance-related problems. These are displayed for the total score (including all substances) as well as alcohol-, nicotine-, cannabis-, and stimulant-specific, respectively. Narcissism dimensions were assessed at T1. * p <.05, ** p <.01